{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:51:16Z","timestamp":1790445076370,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129645.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000}}],"reference-count":48,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    Background The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to advanced liver disease. It is known that a variety of diets play a significant role in the development of NAFLD\/NASH. The goal of this study was to determine the most appropriate composition of diet to induce NASH in an animal model. Methods This research used\n                    <ns4:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/ns4:italic>\n                    strain Wistar (n=27), which were divided into four groups and given each diet for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7), and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Subjects were monitored for changes in body weight. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, including\n                    <ns4:italic>low-density lipoprotein<\/ns4:italic>\n                    (LDL), triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fecal samples were taken for\n                    <ns4:italic>short-chain fatty acid<\/ns4:italic>\n                    (SCFA) analysis. Liver histology was assessed using NAS (NAFLD activity score). A statistical comparison test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA or Kruskal\u2013Wallis test. Results The highest average body weight was observed in the WD group (346.14 g). Liver enzymes, LDL, triglyceride, propionic acid, and acetic acid did not show significantly differences among the groups. TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and hepatic lipase were significant (p = 0.000; p = 0.000; p = 0.004) and the highest level recorded in the HFD group. Butyrate acid level also showed significances (p = 0.021) with the lowest concentration seen in the HFHFD group (4.77 mMol\/g). Only WD and HFHFD had a NAS \u2265 5 (14% and 14%). The highest percentage of borderline NAS was found in WD (57%). Conclusions WD feeding is the most appropriate diet type to induce NASH in rats as it influences metabolic, inflammatory, dysbiosis, and liver histology of rats.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129645.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T06:41:33Z","timestamp":1702363293000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of multiple different high-fat diets on metabolism, inflammatory markers, dysbiosis, and liver histology: study on NASH rat model induced diet"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4831-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syifa","family":"Mustika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewi","family":"Santosaningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian","family":"Handayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achmad","family":"Rudijanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16-17","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.09.08","article-title":"Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases.","volume":"5","author":"S Mitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yclnex.2020.03.001","article-title":"A non-obese, diet-induced animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Wistar\/ST rats compared to Sprague-Dawley rats.","volume":"30","author":"K Omagari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Exp."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328-357","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.","volume":"67","author":"N Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003100","article-title":"Metabolic risk factors and incident advanced liver disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based observational studies.","volume":"17","author":"H Jarvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1-12","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"21","author":"A Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459-1471","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1419","article-title":"Mortality Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Increasing in the United States.","volume":"3","author":"J Paik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23-28","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1045","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Recent Guideline Updates.","volume":"17","author":"Y Ando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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Hepatol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.np5hqbzxx","article-title":"Data of Multiple Different High-Fat Diets.","author":"S Mustika","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dryad."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7583400","article-title":"Data of multiple different high-fat diets.","author":"S Mustika","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zenodo."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T05:50:30Z","timestamp":1725256230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.129645.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.129645.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.159829.r229533","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.159829.r229533","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.159829.r229533, Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 02 Sep 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2#referee-response-229533","order":0,"name":"referee-response-229533","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.142342.r163637, Endang Sutriswati Rahayu, Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 12 Apr 2023, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v1#referee-response-163637","order":1,"name":"referee-response-163637","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Syifa Mustika<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 05 Dec 2023<\/i>; 1.&nbsp;In Table 1, the baseline characteristics and biochemical parameters of rats are shown. The term baseline characteristics are used for data before the intervention is done, yet the table seems to show the data after the intervention is conducted. If the data shown is after the intervention, then it is advised to change the title which also mentions the intervention period. The author should mention which data is different after posthoc comparison in Table 1 -&nbsp;The title in Table 1 is revised to \u201cComparison of various diets induction in rats after 12 weeks of intervention\u201d. The posthoc test result was presented in the graph and mentioned in the subsection below:  Comparison of metabolic parameters of rats (in Figure 2) Comparison of inflammatory and liver injury of rats (in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5)  Comparison of microbial dysbiosis (in Figure 6 and Figure 7)  2.&nbsp;Please refrain from using personal pronouns (i.e., We) in writing scientific papers. -&nbsp;Thank you for your suggestion. We have made changes to the manuscript","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-180\/v2#referee-comment-10718","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-10718","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}