{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:40:53Z","timestamp":1791402053509,"version":"4.3.3"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129649.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000}}],"reference-count":36,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Introduction<\/ns4:bold>\n                    . Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases of the oral cavity, and is an inflammatory disease caused by several factors. Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) is a major mediator of acute inflammation and essential for the development of specific immune responses. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of secretory IgA (s-IgA) and IL-1\u03b2 in the saliva of smokers with dental caries, and to discover the correlation between these parameters and dental caries.\n                    <ns4:bold\/>\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods<\/ns4:bold>\n                    . Saliva samples were collected from 30 smokers, age range 21\u201370 years, with dental caries, in addition to 18 healthy non-smoker volunteers, age range 21\u201365 years. s-IgA and IL-1\u03b2 levels in the saliva samples were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).\n                    <ns4:bold\/>\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results<\/ns4:bold>\n                    . The mean saliva IgA levels between smokers with dental caries group and healthy subjects were not significantly different (p=0.077), while the saliva levels of IL-1\u03b2 were higher in the smokers in dental caries group, with a significant difference of p&lt;0.05. No significant associations were found between s-IgA and IL-1\u03b2 levels, and other parameters such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p&gt;0.05). There were highly positive associations and significant differences between IL-1\u03b2 and CRP levels in the two groups under the study (p=0.006).\n                    <ns4:bold\/>\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions<\/ns4:bold>\n                    . Our study revealed a significant increase in IL-1\u03b2 levels in saliva of smokers with dental caries, and a positive association between IL-1\u03b2 levels and caries disease. There is no significant relationship between elevated IL-1\u03b2 levels and s-IgA in smokers with dental caries.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129649.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T07:00:09Z","timestamp":1683270009000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin-1beta in smokers with dental caries"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jaber","family":"Al-ibraheem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassir","family":"Zyara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibrass","family":"Al-Quraine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1923-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasna\u2019a M.","family":"Abdulridha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"22-53","article-title":"Salivary fuoride concentration following tooth brushing with and without rinsing: a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"1","author":"M Albahrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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