{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:06:38Z","timestamp":1772168798054,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.133458.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000}}],"reference-count":17,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"self funded"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Root canal infection in primary teeth is polymicrobial in nature. Most resistant micro-organisms, such as\n                    <ns3:italic>E.faecalis<\/ns3:italic>\n                    survive in chronic infection of the root canal at the periapical area and are difficult to remove by various root canal irrigants.\n                    <ns3:italic>C.albicans<\/ns3:italic>\n                    has been found in chronic infections of root canals of primary teeth due to its ability to invade dentinal tubules. The multiple bacteria strains which cause endodontic infections, make it difficult to clean root canals with a single effective antibiotic. Hence Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) has been previously introduced, consisting of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline. Although this mixture aids in pulp regeneration and has been used to disinfect root canal systems, it is linked to tooth discolouration. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly formulated 3C antibiotic paste (consisting of Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, and Cefaclor) with conventional TAP against\n                    <ns3:italic>E. faecalis<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>C. albicans.<\/ns3:italic>\n                    In this in-vitro laboratory study, pure culture of\n                    <ns3:italic>C. albicans<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>E. faecalis<\/ns3:italic>\n                    will be grown on Sabouraud\u2019s dextrose agar (SD) agar and Brain heart infusion agar (BHI) agar respectively and will be suspended for 24 hours at 37\u00b0C. For comparison of antimicrobial efficacy, the zone of inhibition will be for the 3C antibiotic paste against conventional TAP (control) for\n                    <ns3:italic>E. faecalis<\/ns3:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns3:italic>C. albicans<\/ns3:italic>\n                    , and will be determined using digital calliper in millimetre after every 24 and 72 hours. We hypothesise that the newly formulated 3C paste will have better antimicrobial efficacy when compared with conventional TAP. It is expected that a newly formulated 3C paste will prove to be the successful as root canal filling material for primary teeth.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.133458.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T10:40:21Z","timestamp":1704969621000},"page":"754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of 3C antibiotic paste with triple antibiotic paste as root canal filling material for primary teeth: An in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0650-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aakriti","family":"Chandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilima","family":"Thosar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/srmjrds.srmjrds_20_20","article-title":"Effectiveness of various intracanal medicaments on Candida albicans.","volume":"11","author":"P Paul","year":"2020 Apr 1","journal-title":"SRM J. Res. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7257","article-title":"The influence of Enterococcus faecalis as a dental root canal pathogen on endodontic treatment.","volume":"12","author":"F Alghamdi","year":"2020 Mar 13","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1-e7","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.50593","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of E. faecalis and C. albicans isolates from apical periodontitis to common antimicrobial agents, antibiotics and antifungal medicaments.","volume":"4","author":"A Dumani","year":"2012 Feb","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091300","article-title":"Candida albicans virulence factors and pathogenicity for endodontic infections.","volume":"8","author":"Y Yoo","year":"2020 Aug 26","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335-339","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.136444","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide using chitosan as carrier against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis.","volume":"17","author":"J Shaik","year":"2014 Jul","journal-title":"J. Conserv. Dent."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.21767\/2576-392X.100019","article-title":"Obturating Materials Used for Pulpectomy in Primary Teeth-A Mini Review.","volume":"03","author":"S Rajsheker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819-828","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.434","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic evaluation of triple antibiotic paste pulp therapy compared to Vitapex pulpectomy in non-vital primary molars.","volume":"7","author":"O Sijini","year":"2021 Oct","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"63-64","article-title":"Evaluation of combination of three antimicrobial agents against common endodontic pathogens.","volume":"8","author":"P Dahake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29186","article-title":"Triple Antibiotic Paste: A Suitable Medicament for Intracanal Disinfection.","volume":"14","author":"K Malu","year":"2022 Sep 15","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1044-6","article-title":"The effect of intracanal medicaments used in Endodontics on the dislocation of two calcium silicate-based filling materials.","volume":"20","author":"S Alsubait","year":"2020 Dec","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-5984.127985","article-title":"Crown discoloration due to the use of triple antibiotic paste as an endodontic intra-canal medicament.","volume":"4","author":"M Thomas","year":"2014 Jan 1","journal-title":"Saudi Endod. J."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189-196","DOI":"10.4103\/jioh.jioh_213_19","article-title":"Triple Antibiotic Paste\u2014Challenging Intracanal Medicament: A Systematic Review.","volume":"12","author":"S Makandar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Oral Health."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125-130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1996.tb01173.x","article-title":"In-vitro antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria taken from infected root dentine to a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline.","volume":"29","author":"E Hoshino","year":"1996 Mar","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121-127","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.84684","article-title":"Endodontic treatment of necrosed primary teeth using two different combinations of antibacterial drugs: an in vivo study.","volume":"29","author":"C Pinky","year":"2011 Apr 1","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385-1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.05.003","article-title":"Effectiveness of antibiotic medicaments against biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis.","volume":"39","author":"A Sabrah","year":"2013 Nov 1","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.14295\/bds.2021.v24i1.2186","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of a new tri-antibiotic combination against resistant endodontic pathogens: an in-vitro study.","volume":"23","author":"P Dahake","year":"2020 Sep 30","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_623_20","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of various intracanal medicament against enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus mutans and staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study.","volume":"13","author":"L Govindaraju","year":"2021 Jun","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T07:55:44Z","timestamp":1743494144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.133458.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.133458.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.161170.r249912","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.161170.r249916","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.161170.r249916","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.161170.r249912","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.146449.r184034, Shiva Shojaeian, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 22 Aug 2023, version 1, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v1#referee-response-184034","order":0,"name":"referee-response-184034","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Aakriti Chandra<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 26 Sep 2023<\/i>; \n<i>The study of cultivating the microbial biofilms in root canal will be considered in future studies. the drug specifications will be given in final study once MIC of the dugs has been established.<\/i>","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2#referee-comment-10303","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-10303","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.161170.r249912, Srinidhi S R, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Pune, 19 Jun 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2#referee-response-249912","order":2,"name":"referee-response-249912","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.161170.r249916, Mohammad Adhitya Latief, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 01 Apr 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-754\/v2#referee-response-249916","order":3,"name":"referee-response-249916","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}