{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:08:06Z","timestamp":1772168886820,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.133585.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000}}],"reference-count":20,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2001090180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2001090180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2101090196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2101090196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns5:p>Background The public knowledge levels about Human Immunodeficiency-Virus\/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) have been assessed in previous studies; however, time-related trends in association with socio-demographic standards among the followers of major religions in India are not known. Objectives We assessed the 2005-06, 2015-16, and 2019-21 demographic and health survey (DHS) data from India to investigate trends in the levels of knowledge of HIV\/AIDS among Hindus, Muslims, and Christians in relation to standard socio-demographic variables over a period of 16 years. Methods The age range of the population was 15-54 years (n=611,821). The HIV\/AIDS-related knowledge was assessed by developing a composite index based on ten questions about several aspects of HIV\/AIDS, such as the mode of spread. We applied Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to investigate whether people had heard about HIV\/AIDS and their overall HIV knowledge in relation to several socio-demographic standards. Results Generally, a higher increase in knowledge level was found between the first and second DHS surveys (2006-2016) as compared to between the second and third DHS surveys (2016-2021). We found the highest increase in the level of HIV\/AIDS knowledge among Christian women followed by Hindus, whereas Muslims had the least increase over 16 years. Being a female, uneducated, poor, previously married, or having rural residence were associated with the highest increase in the knowledge of HIV\/AIDS. Conclusion Christian women had the highest increase in HIV\/AIDS-related knowledge then came Christian men and followers of other religions. We also found the highest increase in HIV\/AIDS-related knowledge among the poorest, uneducated, and rural residents. Our findings may help formulate public health strategies targeting various less knowledgeable groups to reduce the incidence of HIV\/AIDS.<\/ns5:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.133585.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T10:50:09Z","timestamp":1700045409000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time-related changes in the knowledge of HIV\/AIDS among followers of various religions in India"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2042-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Khalid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Qaisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firdos","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7928-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Azhar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6288-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asima","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"441-447","article-title":"Perceptions of people living with HIV\/AIDS.","volume":"64","author":"P Taraphdar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148-160","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2021.19","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude towards HIV\/AIDS in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies from 2010-2020.","volume":"11","author":"A Bhagavathula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot. Perspect."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010440","article-title":"Factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitudes, and Prevention towards HIV\/AIDS among Adults 15-49 Years in Mizoram, North East India: A Cross-Sectional Study.","volume":"19","author":"L Pachuau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765-1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60251-3","article-title":"Understanding the roles of faith-based health-care providers in Africa: review of the evidence with a focus on magnitude, reach, cost, and satisfaction.","volume":"386","author":"J Olivier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569-1594","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0714-2","article-title":"The influence of religion on sexual HIV risk.","volume":"18","author":"S Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5-S13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00642.x","article-title":"Spirituality and religion in patients with HIV\/AIDS.","volume":"21","author":"S Cotton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. 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Res."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15-19","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)31094-3","article-title":"India\u2019s HIV programme: successes and challenges.","volume":"2","author":"S Tanwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virus Erad."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435-444","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S414290","article-title":"Determinants of HIV\/Aids Knowledge Among Females in Somalia: Findings from 2018 to 2019 SDHS Data.","volume":"15","author":"L Mohamud","year":"2023","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241-247","DOI":"10.5897\/JAHR12.023","article-title":"The extent of knowledge about HIV\/AIDS among young people in the Ejura-Sekyedumase district of Ghana.","volume":"4","author":"S Agyemang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}