{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:44:12Z","timestamp":1773294252809,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.13460.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000}}],"reference-count":17,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a first-line behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome (TS). However, ERP for tic disorders requires intentional tic suppression, which for some patients is difficult even for brief periods. Additionally, practical access to behavior therapy is difficult for many patients, especially those in rural areas. The authors present a simple, working web platform (TicTrainer) that implements a strategy called reward-enhanced exposure and response prevention (RE\u2013ERP). This strategy sacrifices most expert therapist components of ERP, focusing only on increasing the duration of time for which the user can suppress tics through automated differential reinforcement of tic-free periods (DRO). RE\u2013ERP requires an external tic monitor, such as a parent, during training sessions. The user sees increasing digital rewards for longer and longer periods of successful tic suppression, similar to a video game score. TicTrainer is designed with security in mind, storing no personally identifiable health information, and has features to facilitate research, including optional masked comparison of tics during DRO\n                    <ns3:italic>vs.<\/ns3:italic>\n                    noncontingent reward conditions. A working instance of TicTrainer is available from\n                    <ns3:ext-link xmlns:ns4=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" ns4:href=\"https:\/\/tictrainer.com\/\">https:\/\/tictrainer.com\/<\/ns3:ext-link>\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.13460.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T09:25:06Z","timestamp":1533547506000},"page":"2150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Software for web-based tic suppression training"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"TicTrainer V.3.","author":"J Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zenodo."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12327.2","article-title":"TicTimer software for measuring tic suppression [version 2; referees: 2 approved].","volume":"6","author":"J Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162-170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.07.004","article-title":"Patterned changes in urge ratings with tic suppression in youth with chronic tic disorders.","volume":"50","author":"L Brabson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24-37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.01.008","article-title":"Temporal relationship between premonitory urges and tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.","volume":"77","author":"V Brandt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415-20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.03.007","article-title":"Behavioral Treatments for Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"3","author":"M Capriotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00188","article-title":"Patterns and Predictors of Tic Suppressibility in Youth With Tic Disorders.","volume":"9","author":"C Conelea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65-74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.08.005","article-title":"Reward enhances tic suppression in children within months of tic disorder onset.","volume":"11","author":"D Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964-76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.007","article-title":"Investigating the effects of tic suppression on premonitory urge ratings in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"45","author":"M Himle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285-89","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2008.41-285","article-title":"Evaluating the role of contingency in differentially reinforced tic suppression.","volume":"41","author":"M Himle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.397","article-title":"An Automated Motion Detection and Reward System for Animal Training.","volume":"7","author":"B Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337-48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00176-0","article-title":"The temporal dynamics of tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.","volume":"44","author":"B Peterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297-318","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445514537059","article-title":"A Comparison of Urge Intensity and the Probability of Tic Completion During Tic Freely and Tic Suppression Conditions.","volume":"38","author":"M Specht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Modif."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24-30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.09.009","article-title":"Effects of tic suppression: ability to suppress, rebound, negative reinforcement, and habituation to the premonitory urge.","volume":"51","author":"M Specht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501-11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00154-2","article-title":"Exposure with response prevention versus habit reversal in Tourettes\u2019s syndrome: a controlled study.","volume":"42","author":"C Verdellen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215-27","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445507309020","article-title":"Habituation of premonitory sensations during exposure and response prevention treatment in Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"32","author":"C Verdellen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Modif."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197-207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions.","volume":"20","author":"C Verdellen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237-245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9173-9","article-title":"Durability, negative impact, and neuropsychological predictors of tic suppression in children with chronic tic disorder.","volume":"36","author":"D Woods","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T06:40:36Z","timestamp":1638340836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.13460.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36851","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36852","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36853","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36853","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36852","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36851","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36853, Christine A. Conelea, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 30 Aug 2018, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2#referee-response-36853","order":0,"name":"referee-response-36853","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36851, Davide Martino, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 10 Sep 2018, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2#referee-response-36851","order":1,"name":"referee-response-36851","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17288.r36852, Cara W.J Verdellen, PsyQ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 04 Sep 2018, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2#referee-response-36852","order":2,"name":"referee-response-36852","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Kevin J Black<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 06 Oct 2021<\/i>; Jordan Stiede, who is using TicTrainer at Marquette University, provided helpful step-by-step instructions for setting up a private TicTrainer web server on a laptop or other computer.\n<sup>1<\/sup>  1.&nbsp;Jordan T. Stiede. (2021). Setup instructions for a new private TicTrainer&reg; server. Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.5553351","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/6-2150\/v2#article-response-7286","order":3,"name":"article-response-7286","label":"Article Comment","group":{"name":"article-comments","label":"Article Comments"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}