{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:07:45Z","timestamp":1772168865736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects women between the ages of 30 and 50. It has been hypothesised that AITD causes salivary glands to produce less saliva due to its endocrine effects. Studies showing the effect of AITD on salivary glands are very scarce. The aim of this study was to compare AITD patients with controls who were of a similar age and gender in terms of salivary metrics and the prevalence of dental caries.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    200 subjects in Bangalore city (100 AITD subjects and 100 healthy subjects as controls) participated in a cross-sectional study. Subjective oral dryness was assessed using Farsi\u2019s criteria. Salivary parameters and caries were assessed using GC Saliva-Check BUFFER kit and WHO caries criteria respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were done. Significant data was defined as a\n                    <ns3:italic>p<\/ns3:italic>\n                    value of &lt;0.05.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : When compared to controls, the AITD group had substantially more subjective mouth dryness and dental caries. Unstimulated (USFR) and stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR), pH and buffering capacity were reduced in AITD group whereas viscosity was high. There was a significant negative correlation between USFR, SFR, subjective oral dryness\n                    <ns3:bold\/>\n                    and dental caries. In a linear regression, there was no association between age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), salivary viscosity, pH, buffering capacity and dental caries. Dental caries, USFR and SFR demonstrated a substantial relationship.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions<\/ns3:bold>\n                    : The present research may indicate an underlying association between thyroid and salivary gland dysfunction resulting in oral dryness and high dental caries experience.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.135684.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T09:05:07Z","timestamp":1689325507000},"page":"833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between dental caries experience and salivary profile among autoimmune thyroid disease subjects - a cross-sectional comparative study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna","family":"K S","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2223-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjunath","family":"P Puranik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"S R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064849","article-title":"Salivary Alterations in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review.","volume":"20","author":"M Ortarzewska","year":"2023 Mar 9","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22009-9_63","author":"P Fallahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9-17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02893034","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders\u2014An update.","volume":"20","author":"M Swain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"37-43","article-title":"Assessment of Dental Caries Experience Among Patients with Thyroid Disorders Attending Different Hospitals in Baghdad City\/Iraq.","volume":"8","author":"R Meshaikhy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880-882","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345570360060901","article-title":"The relation of thyroid gland activity to the incidence of dental caries in the rat: II. A comparison of caries incidence under paired-feeding technics.","volume":"36","author":"D Bixler","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16-21","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_501_16","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative salivary changes and subjective oral dryness among patients with thyroid dysfunction.","volume":"29","author":"M Naik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC01-ZC04","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/26444.10128","article-title":"Estimation of salivary parameters among autoimmune thyroiditis patients.","volume":"11","author":"Y Syed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Online interactive calculator for real-time update of Kuppuswamy\u2019s socioeconomic status scale.","author":"R Sharma"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Why do autoimmune diseases affect more females than males?"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-17","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11535.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding autoimmune thyroid disease: the tallest tree in the forest of polyautoimmunity.","volume":"6","author":"S Bliddal","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1-e5","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20559","article-title":"Evaluation of xerostomia and salivary flow rate in Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis.","volume":"21","author":"F Agha-Hosseini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Tooth decay might be a symptom of thyroid disease."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99-107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350206","article-title":"Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"335","author":"C Dayan","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567-574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.10.018","article-title":"Oral dryness in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients. Not just a question of water.","volume":"12","author":"I Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135792","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135792","article-title":"Factors that influence the extensional rheological property of saliva.","volume":"10","author":"A Vijay","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23300891.v1","author":"K Aparna","year":"2023","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23585322.v1","author":"K Aparna","year":"2023","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23585319.v1","author":"K Aparna","year":"2023","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T06:00:18Z","timestamp":1702533618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.135684.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r191038","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r223549","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r223549","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r191038","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r223547","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r191038, Ridhima Gaunkar, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 21 Aug 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1#referee-response-191038","order":0,"name":"referee-response-191038","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.148815.r223549, Smitha B Kulkarni, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 14 Dec 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-833\/v1#referee-response-223549","order":1,"name":"referee-response-223549","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}