{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:07:34Z","timestamp":1772168854320,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.135702.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000}}],"reference-count":121,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01MH126213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01MH126213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>This is the ninth yearly article in the Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series, summarizing selected research reports from 2022 relevant to Tourette syndrome. The authors briefly summarize reports they consider most important or interesting.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.135702.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:25:23Z","timestamp":1698063923000},"page":"826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2022"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0335-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1358-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Andr\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Atkinson-Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Czernecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Delorme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanette Marinette","family":"Monique Debes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peristera","family":"Paschou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6160-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Szejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apostolia","family":"Topaloudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/Fajmg.b.32924","article-title":"Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.","author":"M Abdulkadir","year":"December 2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2022.0091","article-title":"A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial of Cannabis in Adults with Tourette Syndrome.","author":"E Abi-Jaoude","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cannabis. Cannabinoid. Res."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"144-151","article-title":"Rapid Onset Functional Tic-Like Disorder Outbreak: A Challenging Differential Diagnosis in the COVID-19 Pandemic.","volume":"31","author":"G Amorelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2225614","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.25614","article-title":"Therapist-Supported Internet-Delivered Exposure and Response Prevention for Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","volume":"5","author":"P Andr\u00e9n","year":"2022a","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403-423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01845-z","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part II: psychological interventions.","volume":"31","author":"P Andr\u00e9n","year":"2022b","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775-776","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.18426","article-title":"Impact of ADHD and OCD in Portuguese and Brazilian Patients with Tourette Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","volume":"35","author":"A Ara\u00fajo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Medica Port."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3u6bk","DOI":"10.31219\/Fosf.io\/F3u6bk","article-title":"Functional tic-like presentations differ strikingly from Provisional Tic Disorder.","author":"A Arbuckle","year":"September 2022","journal-title":"OSF."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02116-1","article-title":"How does Tourette syndrome impact adolescents\u2019 daily living? A text mining study.","author":"C Atkinson-Clement","year":"2022a","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002318","article-title":"Decision-making under risk and ambiguity in adults with Tourette syndrome.","author":"C Atkinson-Clement","year":"2022b","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511-517","DOI":"10.1126\/Fscience.abm6222","article-title":"Analysis of somatic mutations in 131 human brains reveals aging-associated hypermutability.","volume":"377","author":"T Bae","year":"July 2022","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453-2459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10822-0","article-title":"Self-injurious behavior in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"269","author":"J Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841-844","DOI":"10.1016\/Fj.bpsc.2022.01.009","article-title":"Normative Functional Connectivity of Thalamic Stimulation for Reducing Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"7","author":"J Baldermann","year":"August 2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936796","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.936796","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 accounts of mealtime and feeding challenges for children with Tourette syndrome or persistent tic disorders.","volume":"13","author":"S Bamigbade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472-478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26586","article-title":"Extra Movements in Healthy People: Challenging the Definition and Diagnostic Practice of Tic Disorders.","volume":"93","author":"S Bartha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"11-22","article-title":"Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Child Psychiatry.","volume":"19","author":"A Bejenaru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/Ffneur.2022.960979","article-title":"White matter alterations in drug-na\u00efve children with Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"13","author":"K Bharti","year":"October 2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23-31","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000975","article-title":"Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among US Children with and Without Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"43","author":"S Charania","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711-1721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02253-7","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study.","volume":"57","author":"I Chou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/Ffpsyt.2022.784753","article-title":"The Behavioral and Emotional Profile of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome Based on CBCL in a Chinese Sample.","author":"Y Cui","year":"February 2022a","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523-530","DOI":"10.1016\/Fj.jpsychires.2022.05.025","article-title":"Long-term efficacy prognostic factors, and safety of deep brain stimulation in patients with refractory Tourette syndrome: A single center, single target, retrospective study.","volume":"151","author":"Z Cui","year":"July 2022b","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6116-6126","DOI":"10.1007\/Fs00415-022-11266-w","article-title":"Subthalamic deep brain stimulation for refractory Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome: clinical outcome and functional connectivity.","volume":"269","author":"L Dai","year":"July 2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341-363","DOI":"10.1007\/Fs00221-021-06229-y","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation as therapy: systematic review and recommendations with a focus on the treatment of Tourette syndrome.","volume":"240","author":"K Dyke","year":"October 2022","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2103089","article-title":"Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics: a neurophysiological intervention.","volume":"21","author":"V Eapen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43-52","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.21045","article-title":"Premonitory Urges Reconsidered: Urge Location Corresponds to Tic Location in Patients With Primary Tic Disorders.","volume":"15","author":"J Essing","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112-126","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00316-9","article-title":"Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"L Farhat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/Ffpsyt.2022.963769","article-title":"Mass social media-induced illness presenting with Tourette-like behavior.","volume":"13","author":"C Fremer","year":"September 2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123-142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01177-8","article-title":"Tourette Syndrome Treatment Updates: a Review and Discussion of the Current and Upcoming Literature.","volume":"22","author":"J Frey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4385-4397","DOI":"10.1093\/Fbrain\/Fawac009","article-title":"A neural network for tics: insights from causal brain lesions and deep brain stimulation.","volume":"145","author":"C Ganos","year":"January 2022","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51-64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.07.007","article-title":"Modified Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics: Treating Children With Tic Disorders, Co-Occurring ADHD, and Psychosocial Impairment.","volume":"54","author":"E Greenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548-559","DOI":"10.1038\/Fs41588-022-01057-4","article-title":"Genetic architecture of 11 major psychiatric disorders at biobehavioral functional genomic and molecular genetic levels of analysis.","volume":"54","author":"A Grotzinger","year":"May 2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02018-2","article-title":"Group comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics contribution to broader cognitive and emotion regulation in children.","author":"N Gur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879-885","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13506","article-title":"Tic Disorders, Anti-Tic Medications, and Risk of Atopy.","volume":"9","author":"M Hakimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-022-01348-1","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on tic symptoms in children and young people: a prospective cohort study.","author":"C Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181-1187","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15932","article-title":"Rapid onset functional tic-like behaviours in children and adolescents during COVID-19: Clinical features, assessment and biopsychosocial treatment approach.","volume":"58","author":"V Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563-573","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28868","article-title":"Frequency and Intensity of Premonitory Urges-to-Tic in Tourette Syndrome Is Associated With Supplementary Motor Area GABA+ Levels.","volume":"37","author":"J He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565-570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.05.009","article-title":"A randomized pilot trial comparing videoconference versus face-to-face delivery of behavior therapy for childhood tic disorders.","volume":"50","author":"M Himle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871-882","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00235-2","article-title":"Therapist-supported online remote behavioural intervention for tics in children and adolescents in England (ORBIT): a multicentre, parallel group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.","volume":"8","author":"C Hollis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118990","article-title":"The oscillatory effects of rhythmic median nerve stimulation.","volume":"251","author":"M Houlgreave","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2606","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2606","article-title":"Prognosis of rapid onset functional tic-like behaviors: Prospective follow-up over 6 months.","volume":"12","author":"M Howlett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e063874","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063874","article-title":"Prevalence of nail biting and its chronological relationship with tics in child and adolescent outpatients with Tourette syndrome: a single-centre, retrospective observational study.","volume":"12","author":"C Hsueh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05692-z","article-title":"Compromised reactive but intact proactive inhibitory motor control in Tourette disorder.","volume":"12","author":"I Indrajeet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890866","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.890866","article-title":"Open-case series of a remote administration and group setting comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (RG-CBIT): A pilot trial.","volume":"13","author":"T Inoue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152291","article-title":"Cross-disorder comparison of sensory over-responsivity in chronic tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"113","author":"D Isaacs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31219\/Fosf.io\/Fn6f7q","article-title":"Experience with median nerve stimulation for treatment of tics: A 4-week open trial with ecological momentary assessment.","author":"A Iverson","year":"22AD","journal-title":"OSF."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.3390\/Fjcm12072545","article-title":"Median Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Tics: A 4-Week Open Trial with Ecological Momentary Assessment.","volume":"12","author":"A Iverson","year":"March 2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5930","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195930","article-title":"Why Tic Severity Changes from Then to Now and from Here to There.","volume":"11","author":"A Iverson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6-16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.08.010","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tourette Syndrome Prevalence; 1986 to 2022.","volume":"137","author":"F Jafari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/Fs41398-023-02341-5","article-title":"Polygenic risk score-based phenome-wide association study identifies novel associations for Tourette syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"P Jain","year":"February 2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Premonitory urges revisited: new insights into the location and quality of premonitory urges.","volume":"7","author":"E Jakubovski","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135-148","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000784","article-title":"Biomarkers Obtained by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.","volume":"39","author":"A Jannati","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313-1331","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S340948","article-title":"Sleep Disorders and Sleep Problems in Patients With Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders: Current Perspectives.","volume":"14","author":"F Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91-98","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.220013","article-title":"Effects of Group Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics in Children With Tourette\u2019s Disorder and Chronic Tic Disorder.","volume":"33","author":"N Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929526","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.929526","article-title":"Tourettic OCD: Current understanding and treatment challenges of a unique endophenotype.","volume":"13","author":"T Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156-165","DOI":"10.1038\/Fs41588-020-00763-1","article-title":"Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition.","volume":"53","author":"A Kurilshikov","year":"January 2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19685-5","article-title":"Urge-tic associations in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"J Langelage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3922-3933","DOI":"10.1093\/Fcercor\/Fbhac316","article-title":"From urges to tics in children with Tourette syndrome: associations with supplementary motor area GABA and right motor cortex physiology.","volume":"33","author":"T Larsh","year":"August 2022","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84-e90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2021.07.013","article-title":"Psychosocial stress, self-esteem, and social adjustment: A moderated mediation analysis in Taiwanese adolescents with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"62","author":"M Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958-969","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i7.958","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome: An evidence-based survey in a Chinese population.","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/Fs42003-022-03231-0","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide association study reveals increased neuronal FLT3 expression is associated with Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"5","author":"C Liao","year":"March 2022a","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/Ffnagi.2022.873148","article-title":"The Alternation of Gray Matter Morphological Topology in Drug-Na\u00efve Tourette\u2019s Syndrome in Children.","volume":"14","author":"Y Liao","year":"May 2022b","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10952","DOI":"10.1016\/Fj.heliyon.2022.e10952","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of deep brain stimulation repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation, and behavioral therapy in Tourette syndrome: A systematic review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.","volume":"8","author":"X Lin","year":"October 2022","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2635","DOI":"10.1002\/Fbrb3.2635","article-title":"Improved depressive symptoms in patients with refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome after deep brain stimulation of posteroventral globus pallidus interna.","volume":"12","author":"A Liu","year":"May 2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107-112","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1759844","article-title":"Impact of Tourette Syndrome on Education.","volume":"54","author":"J Lund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.3390\/Fgenes13101796","article-title":"Phenotypic Impact of Rare Potentially Damaging Copy Number Variation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Chronic Tic Disorders.","volume":"13","author":"B Mahjani","year":"October 2022","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216470","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Functional Tic-Like Phenomena.","volume":"11","author":"I Malaty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442-444","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5541","article-title":"Why Some Individuals With Tourette Syndrome Experience Assault and Perpetrate Criminal Behavior.","volume":"79","author":"D Martino","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459-467","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0167","article-title":"Association of Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder With Violent Assault and Criminal Convictions.","volume":"79","author":"D Mataix-Cols","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/Fjcm11020460","article-title":"Pain in Tourette Syndrome-Children\u2019s and Parents\u2019 Perspectives.","volume":"11","author":"A Ma\u0142ek","year":"January 2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539-547","DOI":"10.1002\/Fjdn.10209","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates gyral abnormalities in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"82","author":"B McCann","year":"July 2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296-304","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13470","article-title":"Cognitive control processes in behavior therapy for youth with Tourette\u2019s disorder.","volume":"63","author":"J McGuire","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8300","DOI":"10.1038\/Fs41598-022-12156-x","article-title":"Altered performance monitoring in Tourette Syndrome: an MEG investigation.","volume":"12","author":"J Metzlaff","year":"May 2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911343","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.911343","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in children with tic disorder: A case-control study.","volume":"10","author":"Y Mi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75-85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.07.500","article-title":"Evaluation of EEG biomarkers of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics in children with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"142","author":"S Morand-Beaulieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334-2342.e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.044","article-title":"Entraining Movement-Related Brain Oscillations to Suppress Tics in Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"30","author":"B Morera Maiquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377-382","DOI":"10.1007\/Fs00787-021-01832-4","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders: summary statement.","volume":"31","author":"K M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"July 2021","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914897","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.914897","article-title":"Altered Interoceptive Sensibility in Adults With Chronic Tic Disorder.","volume":"13","author":"A Narapareddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/Ffmicb.2021.737197","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","volume":"12","author":"J Ni","year":"February 2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"S413","article-title":"An exploration of tic phenomenology in children with primary tic disorders [abstract].","volume":"37","author":"C Nilles","year":"2022a","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S271-S272","DOI":"10.1016\/Fj.jaac.2022.09.413","article-title":"Can the Phenomenology of Functional Tic-Like Behaviors Be Sufficient to Make the Diagnosis? [abstract].","volume":"61","author":"C Nilles","year":"October 2022b","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764-773","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13703","article-title":"Have We Forgotten What Tics Are? A Re-Exploration of Tic Phenomenology in Youth with Primary Tics.","volume":"10","author":"C Nilles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305-314","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13472","article-title":"Clinical precursors of tics: an EMTICS study.","volume":"63","author":"T Openneer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862422","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.862422","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Videoconference vs. Face-to-Face Delivery of Behavior Therapy for Youths With Tourette Syndrome in the Time of COVID-19.","volume":"13","author":"A Prato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896-906","DOI":"10.1212\/Fwnl.0000000000007466","article-title":"Practice guideline recommendations summary: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders.","volume":"92","author":"T Pringsheim","year":"May 2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010045","article-title":"Acute and Long-Term Effects of an Internet-Based, Self-Help Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Children and Teens with Tic Disorders with Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Reanalysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.","volume":"11","author":"L Rachamim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275-287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01686-2","article-title":"Internet-based guided self-help comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (ICBIT) for youth with tic disorders: a feasibility and effectiveness study with 6 month-follow-up.","volume":"31","author":"L Rachamim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/Fosf.io\/Fdgx8z","article-title":"Elevated representational similarity of voluntary action and inhibition in Tourette syndrome.","author":"C Rae","year":"December 2022","journal-title":"PsyArXiv Preprints."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929413","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.929413","article-title":"Urge intolerance predicts tic severity and impairment among adults with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders.","volume":"13","author":"K Ramsey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153-162","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X15593192","article-title":"A randomized waitlist-controlled pilot trial of voice over Internet protocol-delivered behavior therapy for youth with chronic tic disorders.","volume":"22","author":"E Ricketts","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Telemed. Telecare."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516-1539","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23323","article-title":"Sleep and chronotype in adults with persistent tic disorders.","volume":"78","author":"E Ricketts","year":"2022a","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3-15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01111-4","article-title":"Academic, Interpersonal, Recreational, and Family Impairment in Children with Tourette Syndrome and Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder.","volume":"53","author":"E Ricketts","year":"2022b","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18-24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2022.12.011","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Children With Tourette Syndrome With and Without Sleep Disorder.","volume":"141","author":"E Ricketts","year":"2022c","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250-1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2022.07.002","article-title":"Childhood Predictors of Long-Term Tic Severity and Tic Impairment in Tourette\u2019s Disorder.","volume":"53","author":"E Ricketts","year":"2022d","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040852","article-title":"Use of Nutritional Supplements Based on L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in Children with Tourette Syndrome, with Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot Study.","volume":"14","author":"R Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983-987","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.126.7.983","article-title":"Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia.","volume":"126","author":"E Robins","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19542.1","article-title":"Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2018.","volume":"8","author":"O Rose","year":"July 2019","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5020-5027","DOI":"10.1038\/Fs41380-022-01771-9","article-title":"Identity-by-descent analysis of a large Tourette\u2019s syndrome pedigree from Costa Rica implicates genes involved in neuronal development and signal transduction.","volume":"27","author":"N Ryan","year":"October 2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"105713","article-title":"A comparison of food avoidant behaviours and sensory sensitivity in adults with and without Tourette syndrome.","author":"B Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"089-098","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1993-3783","article-title":"Exposure and Response Prevention: Evaluation of Tic Severity Over Time for Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders.","volume":"54","author":"C S\u00f8rensen","year":"2023a","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"099-106","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1987-3205","article-title":"Exposure and Response Prevention for Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome Delivered via Web-Based Videoconference versus Face-to-Face Method.","volume":"54","author":"C S\u00f8rensen","year":"2023b","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34403","DOI":"10.2196\/34403","article-title":"Exploring Social Support in an Online Support Community for Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders: Analysis of Postings.","volume":"24","author":"M So\u00f3s","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415-1417","DOI":"10.1016\/Fj.brs.2022.10.003","article-title":"Deep Brain Stimulation of the bilateral anteromedial Globus Pallidus internus in an adolescent with refractory tourette syndrome and comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder A case report.","volume":"15","author":"D Srinivas","year":"November 2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343-350","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000766","article-title":"Assessing the educational needs of physicians in the management of patients with Tourette syndrome: results of a United States survey on practicing clinicians and caregivers.","volume":"28","author":"S Stacy","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-022-09881-6","article-title":"Sorry, I Didn\u2019t Mean to Kiss at You: A Descriptive Analysis of Tourette Syndrome in Interpersonal Interactions.","author":"D Stofleth","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dev. Phys. Disabil."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286-295","DOI":"10.1111\/Fner.13456","article-title":"Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation at 65 Hz in Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"25","author":"F Sun","year":"February 2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914044","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.914044","article-title":"I\u2019m in pain and I want help: An online survey investigating the experiences of tic-related pain and use of pain management techniques in people with tics and tic disorders.","volume":"13","author":"E Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5181-5191","DOI":"10.1093\/Fcercor\/Fbhac408","article-title":"Structural hyperconnectivity of the subthalamic area with limbic cortices underpins anxiety and impulsivity in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"33","author":"G Temiz","year":"October 2022","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3497-3501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-05997-x","article-title":"Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on young patients with tic disorders: findings from a case-control study.","volume":"43","author":"C Termine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071946","article-title":"Capturing Subtle Neurocognitive Differences in Children with and without Tourette Syndrome through a Fine-Grained Analysis of Design Fluency Profiles.","volume":"11","author":"M Tessier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114684","article-title":"Estimating the number of people with Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorder in the United States.","volume":"314","author":"S Tinker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"TAA Impact Survey. 2022.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365-376","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200067","article-title":"Creating a Patient-Based Diagnostic Checklist for Functional Tics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","volume":"12","author":"S Trau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/Fj.biopsych.2023.01.023","article-title":"Genome-wide Association Study points to novel locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome.","author":"F Tsetsos","year":"February 2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20-25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.10.007","article-title":"Risk Behaviors in Youth With and Without Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"126","author":"J Vermilion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3390\/Fbrainsci12070838","article-title":"Stereotactic Surgery for Treating Intractable Tourette Syndrome: A Single-Center Pilot Study.","volume":"12","author":"X Wang","year":"June 2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249-1261","DOI":"10.1007\/Fs12035-021-02707-0","article-title":"Multivariate Classification of Brain Blood-Oxygen Signal Complexity for the Diagnosis of Children with Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"59","author":"X Xin","year":"January 2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997174","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.997174","article-title":"A preliminary study of comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics in Chinese children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"W Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050650","article-title":"The Prevalence and Comorbidity of Tic Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Chinese School Students Aged 6-16: A National Survey.","volume":"12","author":"J Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252-259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.08.024","article-title":"Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and symptom severity in adult men with Tourette Syndrome.","volume":"155","author":"K Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217-227","DOI":"10.1176\/Fappi.ajp.2018.18070857","article-title":"Interrogating the Genetic Determinants of Tourette\u2019s Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Through Genome-Wide Association Studies.","volume":"176","author":"D Yu","year":"March 2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020151","article-title":"EEG Correlates of Active Stopping and Preparation for Stopping in Chronic Tic Disorder.","volume":"12","author":"A Zea Vera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref125","article-title":"Network localization of tics: Evidence from coordinate and lesion network mapping.","author":"J Zouki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Programme, 14th European Conference on Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:25:30Z","timestamp":1698063930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"references-count":121,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.135702.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.157104.r217617","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.148833.r186879, James F. Leckman, Child Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Psychology and Pediatrics, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 18 Jul 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v1#referee-response-186879","order":0,"name":"referee-response-186879","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.148833.r186880, Erica L. Greenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 06 Sep 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v1#referee-response-186880","order":1,"name":"referee-response-186880","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.148833.r186883, Jeremy Stern, Department of Neurology, St George's, University of London, London, 06 Sep 2023, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-826\/v1#referee-response-186883","order":2,"name":"referee-response-186883","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was funded in part by US NIH grant 1R01MH126213. The authors confirm that the funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}