{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:34:31Z","timestamp":1773455671334,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.140994.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000}}],"reference-count":45,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018996","name":"Hellenic Academic Libraries Link","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of Frey syndrome following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for mandibular fractures. Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic literature search in the Medline and Scopus databases. The pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated, and quality assessment, outlier analysis, and influential analysis were performed. In total, fifteen eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. One study was identified as critically influential. The overall prevalence of Frey syndrome following extraoral surgical treatment for mandibular fractures was estimated as 0.01% (95%CI 0%-0.7%) with moderate heterogeneity observed between studies. In the meta-regression analysis with continuous variables, no statistically significant association was observed. Despite the relatively low prevalence, the impact of Frey syndrome on affected individuals should not be underestimated. Additional research will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors contributing to Frey syndrome, leading to improved preventive measures and treatment strategies. A better grasp of the prevalence and associated risk factors will aid in the development of guidelines to minimize the occurrence of this syndrome.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.140994.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T07:35:08Z","timestamp":1701329708000},"page":"1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Frey syndrome following extraoral surgical treatment for mandibular fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1332-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Kostares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kostares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Kostare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kantzanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070-1076","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15901","article-title":"Do Radiologists and Surgeons Speak the Same Language? A Retrospective Review of Facial Trauma.","volume":"207","author":"E Ludi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100-107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601374","article-title":"Mandible Fractures.","volume":"31","author":"B Pickrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Mandible Fracture. PubMed.","author":"H Yuen","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656-1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.069","article-title":"Symphyseal Mandibular Fractures Associated With Bicondylar Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis.","volume":"67","author":"G Gerbino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603-2605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.08.264","article-title":"Mandibular Fractures.","volume":"79","author":"E Ferneini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273-280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(00)90051-X","article-title":"Complication rates associated with different treatments for mandibular fractures.","volume":"58","author":"J Moreno","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550-558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.09.005","article-title":"Outcomes of Mandible Fracture Treatment at an Academic Tertiary Hospital: A 5-Year Analysis.","volume":"72","author":"R Gutta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-018-0168-y","article-title":"Fracture patterns and causes in the craniofacial region: an 8-year review of 2076 patients.","volume":"40","author":"K Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maxillofac. Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233-238","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90289-5","article-title":"Complications of miniplate osteosynthesis for mandibular fractures.","volume":"52","author":"S Nakamura","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94-96","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_116_17","article-title":"Evaluation of postoperative complications of open reduction and internal fixation in the management of mandibular fractures: A retrospective study.","volume":"30","author":"C Ravikumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dental Research: Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37652-6","article-title":"Prevalence of surgical site infections after open reduction and internal fixation for mandibular fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"13","author":"E Kostares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Frey Syndrome. PubMed.","author":"A Young","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249-253","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2013.6.4.249","article-title":"Comparisons of Three Indicators for Frey\u2019s Syndrome: Subjective Symptoms, Minor\u2019s Starch Iodine Test, and Infrared Thermography.","volume":"6","author":"H Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501-509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2015.10.010","article-title":"Auriculotemporal Syndrome (Frey Syndrome).","volume":"49","author":"K Motz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20107","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20107","article-title":"Frey\u2019s Syndrome: A Review of Aetiology and Treatment.","volume":"13","author":"A Mantelakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.","volume":"372","author":"M Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Zotero|Your personal research assistant.","year":"n.d."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144-149","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.147103","article-title":"Surgical treatment of comminuted mandibular fractures using a low-profile locking mandibular reconstruction plate system.","volume":"4","author":"T Kanno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package.","volume":"36","author":"W Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138-138","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1978.10479283","article-title":"The Inverse of the Freeman \u2013 Tukey Double Arcsine Transformation.","volume":"32","author":"J Miller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112-125","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.11","article-title":"Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"W Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods."},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"9.6.5.1 Ensure that there are adequate studies.","year":"n.d."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629-634","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test.","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088-1101","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias.","volume":"50","author":"C Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01381-z","article-title":"Conducting proportional meta-analysis in different types of systematic reviews: a guide for synthesisers of evidence.","volume":"21","author":"T Barker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950-958","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.8734","article-title":"Surgical complications with open treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures.","volume":"58","author":"E Ellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835-839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.04.008","article-title":"Retromandibular approach for reduction and fixation of mandibular condylar fractures: A clinical experience.","volume":"38","author":"V Narayanan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Transparotid approach for mandibular condylar neck and subcondylar fractures.","author":"A Croce","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641-647","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318207f495","article-title":"Retroauricular Transmeatal Approach to Manage Mandibular Condylar Head Fractures.","volume":"22","author":"A Benech","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355-362","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-010-0133-5","article-title":"Management of Mandibular Sub Condylar and Condylar Fractures Using Retromandibular Approach and Assessment of Associated Surgical Complications.","volume":"9","author":"S Bindra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38-44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-010-0145-1","article-title":"Comparison of Approaches for the Rigid Fixation of Sub-Condylar Fractures.","volume":"10","author":"V Ebenezer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488-494","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-013-0559-7","article-title":"Evaluation of Retro Mandibular Approach to Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Condylar Fractures: A Cross-sectional Study.","volume":"13","author":"J Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365-1367","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318285d9a3","article-title":"Preauricular Transparotid Approach to Mandibular Condylar Fractures Without Dissecting Facial Nerves.","volume":"24","author":"T Yabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370-375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.08.014","article-title":"Postoperative Complications Associated With the Retromandibular Approach: A Retrospective Analysis of 118 Subcondylar Fractures.","volume":"72","author":"C Bouchard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-14-68","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of extracapsular mandibular condyle fractures: a long-term clinical and radiological follow-up of 25 patients.","volume":"14","author":"A Spinzia","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879-884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.01.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment outcome of surgically treated mandibular condyle fractures. A five years retrospective study.","volume":"42","author":"H Zrounba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2015.21774","article-title":"Mandibula subkondil ve y\u00fcksek ramus k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131na retromandibular transparotid yakla\u015f\u0131m: \u0130ki nokta fiksasyonu.","author":"C Aslan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641-1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.07.009","article-title":"Use of a modified high submandibular approach to treat condylar base fractures: Experience with 44 consecutive cases treated in a single institution.","volume":"44","author":"M Pau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812-818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.11.003","article-title":"Facial Nerve Injury and Other Complications Following Retromandibular Subparotid Approach for the Management of Condylar Fractures.","volume":"76","author":"S Bruneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314-320","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12626","article-title":"Retromandibular transparotid approach for subcondylar mandibular fracture: A retrospective study.","volume":"37","author":"U Koirala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009959.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for the treatment of Frey\u2019s syndrome.","author":"C Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581-584","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000237085.59782.65","article-title":"A Review of the Surgical and Medical Treatment of Frey Syndrome.","volume":"57","author":"M Clayman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23899944.v1","author":"E Kostares","year":"2023","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23899986.v1","author":"E Kostares","year":"2023","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.24081801.v1","article-title":"PRISMA flow chart. figshare.","author":"E Kostares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:45:13Z","timestamp":1702514713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.140994.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.159391.r227121","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.159391.r227122","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.159391.r227122","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.159391.r227121","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.159391.r227121, Andrea Frosolin, University of Siena, Siena, 30 Nov 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2#referee-response-227121","order":0,"name":"referee-response-227121","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.159391.r227122, Sadi Memi\u015f, Kocaeli University, \u0130zmit, 14 Dec 2023, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1153\/v2#referee-response-227122","order":1,"name":"referee-response-227122","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}