{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:08:41Z","timestamp":1785391721513,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.141568.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.141568.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ain O Salish Kendra"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Children globally, including in Bangladesh, are facing various forms of online sexual abuse including sextortion, exploitation, body shaming, and blackmail. They are also coerced into engaging in intimate activities, harassed through the sending of sexual content, among other forms of abuse. We aimed to explore the root cause of online child sexual abuse (OCSA) in Bangladesh. Methods This qualitative research design utilized in-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) between February and April 2022. The study sample comprised 21 school-going children aged 13\u221217 years, selected from two different geographical settings (10 from rural areas and 11 from urban areas) in Bangladesh using purposive sampling techniques. They participated in in-depth interviews (IDIs) while additional data was obtained through key informant interviews (KIIs) with 11 multidisciplinary stakeholders. Results Children from both rural and urban areas reported facing abuse in various ways, such as being asked to send naked photos, being invited to be naked in video calls, and being invited to have virtual sex, among others, over the internet. Conclusions The government should consider integrating OCSA education into secondary levels. Additionally, there should be efforts to ensure a safe online environment through content scrutiny, promotion of outdoor activities, and community campaigns. An anonymous reporting system must be implemented, and strict measures under the Children's Act must be enforced against perpetrators. Further intervention studies are needed to ensure effective child protection measures in Bangladesh.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.141568.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T14:35:06Z","timestamp":1723214106000},"page":"1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors contributing to online child sexual abuse in Bangladesh: A qualitative inquiry"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Redwanul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7403-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ibrahim Ibne","family":"Towhid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merium","family":"Salwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-0086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Wai","family":"Mroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8014-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Maruf Haque","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Atiqul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59-S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.09.003","article-title":"Students\u2019 perspectives on cyberbullying.","volume":"41","author":"P Agatston","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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M. Rabiul Awal Chowdhury, Department of Anthropology, Comilla University, Cumilla, Chittagong Division, 09 Feb 2024, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1364\/v2#referee-response-239820","order":1,"name":"referee-response-239820","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Md Redwanul Islam<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 03 Aug 2024<\/i>; \n<b>Reviewer point #1:<\/b> Number of IDIs and KIIs are mentioned but how these number are justified is not clarified. Any other relevant socio-cultural issues, except rural-urban, may influence in selecting the participants of the study like, gender, religion, financial condition etc. which should consider in selecting the respondents purposively. \n<b>Author response #1:<\/b> Thank you for your suggestions. We have addressed all the comments you suggested in the latest version of the manuscript. We have clarified the justification for including the number of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) in the 'Study Procedure' section under the sub-section of 'Methods'. We included KIIs from subject-specific stakeholders from multiple disciplines, such as child psychiatrists, ICT teachers, child rights activists, and psychologists. IDIs included students from rural and urban perspectives, with equal participation from both males and females. Data were collected until saturation was reached.  \n<b>Reviewer point #2:<\/b> Gender is a significant social phenomenon which may play its imperative role in such topic but findings are not representing any difference and variation for boys and girls on this study topic, which drawn my attention. \n<b>Author response #2:<\/b> We did not analyze the study findings separately for boys and girls, but this could be a recommendation for further study. To our knowledge, this type of qualitative assessment is unique in Bangladesh, that is why we identified the root cause but did not identify the separate roles.  \n<b>Reviewer point #3:<\/b> A diagram of mentioned conceptual framework of this study would manifest easy and better understanding \n<b>Author response #3:<\/b> We have made the conceptual framework easier and better to understand by using a Figure.  \n<b>Reviewer point #4:<\/b> More compiled and integrated (IDIs and KIIs) interpretation of each categories and sub-categories of findings would enrich the result section rather too many statements of the respondents \n<b>Author response #4:<\/b> We have compiled the interpretations in the discussion section. As this phenomenon is new from a country perspective, we wish to include more statements for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Thank you once again for your time and consideration.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/12-1364\/v3#referee-comment-12153","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-12153","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was partially supported by the Ain O Salish Kendra, a legal aid and human rights organization in Bangladesh. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}