{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:07:58Z","timestamp":1772168878942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524441600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MRC Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF)","award":["MR\/R005850\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R005850\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>For several complex intracellular pathogens, we have an urgent need for effective vaccines and yet there are common barriers to vaccine development. These diseases, including tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, leprosy and melioidosis, cause a huge burden of disease and disproportionately affect low and middle income countries. They are therefore often neglected due to the marginalisation of affected populations and the poor predicted commercial return on investment. Barriers to vaccine development include an incomplete understanding of protective immunity and translation from the bench into clinical vaccine trials. The current linear approach to vaccine research and development for these pathogens, which involves basic research, vaccine design, and vaccine evaluation in preclinical challenge models and clinical trials, is inefficient for these complex intracellular pathogens. We have established a Global Challenges Research Fund Network for VAccine deveLopment for complex Intracellular neglecteD pAThogEns, \u201cVALIDATE\u201d, where we aim to adopt a more flexible, integrated cross-pathogen approach to accelerate vaccine research and clinical development for these four pathogens, by cross-pathogen analyses, cross-discipline collaborations, and repeated integration of data from human and animal studies.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    This network provides a unique opportunity to bring together individuals working on four exemplar complex intracellular neglected pathogens (\n                    <ns4:italic>M.tb<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <ns4:italic>Leishmania<\/ns4:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <ns4:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/ns4:italic>\n                    and\n                    <ns4:italic>M.leprae<\/ns4:italic>\n                    ), which share a common lifestyle as pathogens of macrophages, induce similar end-stage pathologies and alter host immune and metabolic responses. The horizontal collaborations established throughout this network, together with the provision of a protected environment for early data sharing, will exploit these biological synergies.\u00a0 By interrogating mechanisms that lead from infection to disease, we will be able to develop common vaccine development strategies for these and other complex intracellular pathogens.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14386.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]],"date-time":"2018-04-23T09:10:14Z","timestamp":1524474614000},"page":"485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["VALIDATE: Exploiting the synergy between complex intracellular pathogens to expedite vaccine research and development for tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, melioidosis and leprosy"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-1006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Hussell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joann","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajko","family":"Reljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Vermaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Vordermeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"McShane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2016","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref-2","first-page":"924-37","article-title":"Bovine tuberculosis: an old disease but a new threat to Africa.","volume":"8","author":"W Ayele","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030-6","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00134-06","article-title":"Cattle husbandry in Ethiopia is a predominant factor affecting the pathology of bovine tuberculosis and gamma interferon responses to mycobacterial antigens.","volume":"13","author":"G Ameni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence.","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-5","article-title":"Fact sheet: Leprosy","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001488","article-title":"Melioidosis vaccines: a systematic review and appraisal of the potential to exploit biodefense vaccines for public health purposes.","volume":"6","author":"S Peacock","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15008","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis.","volume":"1","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113-7","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0038","article-title":"Increasing incidence of human melioidosis in Northeast Thailand.","volume":"82","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00035","article-title":"Functional complexity of the Leishmania granuloma and the potential of in silico modeling.","volume":"4","author":"J Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758-768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.037","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived and resident liver macrophages display unique transcriptomic signatures but similar biological functions.","volume":"65","author":"L Beattie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T05:51:29Z","timestamp":1544075489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.14386.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r34153","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r34293","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r33590","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r34293","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r33590","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r34153","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r33590, Antonio Campos-Neto, Detectogen Inc., Westborough, MA, USA, 02 May 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1#referee-response-33590","order":0,"name":"referee-response-33590","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r34293, Lisa A. Morici, Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New Orleans, LA, USA, 29 May 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1#referee-response-34293","order":1,"name":"referee-response-34293","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.15655.r34153, Steven G. Reed, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA, 26 Jun 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-485\/v1#referee-response-34153","order":2,"name":"referee-response-34153","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"VALIDATE is supported by the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) Networks in Vaccines Research and Development which was co-funded by the MRC and BBSRC. The GCRF is a 5-year \u00a31.5Bn fund established by the UK government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}