{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:08:33Z","timestamp":1772168913741,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.146583.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background &amp; Purpose Falls and balance issues are significant concerns for the elderly. Treadmill training is increasingly recognized as a potential intervention to improve balance and reduce fall risk in this population. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of treadmill training on balance in the elderly. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and ERIC from January 1, 1980, to January 1, 2025. The search focused on treadmill training\u2019s impact on balance in older adults. From 74 identified studies, primary outcome measure was \u201cBalance Improvement, risk of fall\u201d and secondary were \u201cCognitive Function and Quality of Life,\u201d and others. Articles were excluded for reasons like irrelevance to treadmill training, language barriers, or duplication, resulting in 16 final studies. Results Treadmill training demonstrated positive effects on balance and fall risk reduction, particularly in elderly individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease, spinal cord injuries, and age-related balance issues. Perturbation-based treadmill training significantly reduced fall rates, while underwater treadmill sessions improved mobility and cognitive function. Conclusion Treadmill training interventions are promising for improving balance and mobility in the elderly, including those with Parkinson\u2019s disease, spinal cord injuries, and age-related balance issues. While these interventions show potential, further research is needed to determine optimal protocols, durations, and combinations with other interventions. This could lead to a more comprehensive approach for addressing balance and mobility challenges in the elderly, promoting healthy aging and reducing fall risks.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.146583.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T11:50:07Z","timestamp":1739188207000},"page":"330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Treadmill Training on Balance and Fall Risks in the Elderly: A Systematic Review.\""],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ayman Mohammed Ismail","family":"Zafer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alsayed Abdelhameed","family":"Shanb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matar AbduAllah","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moattar Raza","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904-1915","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2022.2040170","article-title":"Using virtual reality to improve the quality of life of older adults with cognitive impairments and their family members who live at a distance.","volume":"38","author":"T Afifi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161-023-00134-x","article-title":"Lower body positive pressure treadmill gait training for neurological patients: a systematic review.","volume":"28","author":"S Almutairi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. Fac. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afac147","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac147","article-title":"The UN Decade of healthy ageing: Strengthening measurement for monitoring health and wellbeing of older people.","volume":"51","author":"J Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951-953","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.951","article-title":"Effect of locomotor training on motor recovery and walking ability in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series.","volume":"26","author":"S Anwer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab067","article-title":"Effects of Dual-Task Gait Treadmill Training on Gait Ability, Dual-Task Interference, and Fall Efficacy in People With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","volume":"101","author":"C Baek","year":"2021 Jun 1","journal-title":"Phys Ther."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e188-e194","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2021-0095","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming the practice of medicine.","volume":"8","author":"J Bajwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Healthc. J."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052824","article-title":"Effect of treadmill training interventions on spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults with neurological disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"19","author":"A Bishnoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818438-7.00002-2","author":"A Bohr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230-238","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-013-0059-0","article-title":"Interventions to improve walking in older adults.","volume":"2","author":"J Brach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Transl. Geriatr. Exp. Gerontol. Rep."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105-114","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2012.1397","article-title":"Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review.","volume":"16","author":"E Cadore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"20556683211072384","article-title":"Virtual reality and well-being in older adults: Results from a pilot implementation of virtual reality in long-term care.","volume":"9","author":"F Chaze","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. Eng."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01153-1","article-title":"Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics.","volume":"7","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570-581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.10.013","article-title":"Exergame technology and interactive interventions for elderly fall prevention: A systematic literature review.","volume":"65","author":"S Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381-392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.01.021","article-title":"Recommendations on physical activity and exercise for older adults living in long-term care facilities: a taskforce report.","volume":"17","author":"P Souto Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"9-16","article-title":"Efficacy of underwater treadmill training as a complimentary gait restorative therapy for spinal cord injured individual: a case report.","volume":"70","author":"J Dolbow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Kinesiology: Journal of the American Kinesiotherapy Association."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246-253","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000057","article-title":"Dual-task training on a treadmill to improve gait and cognitive function in elderly idiopathic fallers.","volume":"38","author":"M Dorfman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11162294","article-title":"Effects of Physical Activity Program on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Neuromuscular Strategies during Walking in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial.","volume":"11","author":"H Ferhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148926","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1148926","article-title":"Recent clinical trials with stem cells to slow or reverse normal aging processes.","volume":"4","author":"R Garay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22215","DOI":"10.2196\/22215","article-title":"eHealth for addressing balance disorders in the elderly: Systematic review.","volume":"23","author":"A Gaspar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1-8","article-title":"The benefits of hydrotherapy to patients with spinal cord injuries.","volume":"7","author":"H Hammill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr. J. Disabil."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154-1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.05.015","article-title":"Six weeks of intensive treadmill training improves gait and quality of life in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study.","volume":"88","author":"T Herman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"15-20","article-title":"Treadmill training with partial body weight support: influence of body weight release on the gait of hemiparetic patients.","volume":"11","author":"S Hesse","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84-89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.05.014","article-title":"Postural stability after treadmill and overground walking in young and elderly.","volume":"80","author":"Z Hirjakov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824-853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1665-8","article-title":"International exercise recommendations in older adults (ICFSR): expert consensus guidelines.","volume":"25","author":"M Izquierdo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics6010001","article-title":"Virtual reality gait training to promote balance and gait among older people: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"6","author":"K Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geriatrics."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"89-100","article-title":"Impact of virtual reality (VR) experience on older adults\u2019 well-being. Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population.","author":"C Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applications in Health, Assistance, and Entertainment: 4th International Conference, ITAP 2018, Held as Part of HCI International 2018, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 15\u201320, 2018, Proceedings, Part II 4, Springer."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eRW5233","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2020RW5233","article-title":"Effects of treadmill training on gait of elders with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a literature review.","volume":"18","author":"N Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157-1164","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000222844.81638.35","article-title":"Effect of treadmill and overground walking on function and attitudes in older adults.","volume":"38","author":"A Marsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567-580","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-016-9641-0","article-title":"Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty.","volume":"17","author":"J Mcphee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology."},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"443-449","article-title":"Effect of treadmill-based gait training on the stationary balance of elderly individuals.","volume":"5","author":"F Monteiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"035","article-title":"Treadmill Applications on the Neurophysiology of the Diseased and Elderly: A Review.","volume":"3","author":"E Morency","year":"2017","journal-title":"BAOJ Neurol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202-223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.07.002","article-title":"Aging and rejuvenation of neural stem cells and their niches.","volume":"27","author":"P Negredo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549-554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2012.02.002","article-title":"Changes in gait and balance parameters in elderly subjects attending an 8-week supervised Pilates programme.","volume":"16","author":"D Newell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e238422-e238422","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.8422","article-title":"Effect of treadmill perturbation-based balance training on fall rates in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"6","author":"J N\u00f8rgaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15-23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11556-007-0019-9","article-title":"How to improve gait and balance function in elderly individuals\u2014compliance with principles of training.","volume":"4","author":"L Oddsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295-296","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.202424","article-title":"A global campaign to combat ageism.","volume":"96","author":"A Officer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69-S108","DOI":"10.1139\/H07-111","article-title":"Ageing and physical activity: evidence to develop exercise recommendations for older adults.","volume":"32","author":"D Paterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Effectiveness of a treadmill training programme in improving the postural balance on institutionalized older adults.","author":"N Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172-179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.07.043","article-title":"Improvement of quality of life and postural balance of institutionalized elderly people undergoing to a treadmill walking training.","volume":"28","author":"N Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Effects of exercise to improve cardiovascular health.","volume":"69","author":"K Pinckard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"565-570","article-title":"Effectiveness of treadmill training on balance control in elderly people: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","volume":"39","author":"S Pirouzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855-866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2007.10.005","article-title":"Relations among exercise type, self-objectification, and body image in the fitness centre environment: The role of reasons for exercise.","volume":"9","author":"I Prichard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00258","article-title":"Aging hallmarks: The benefits of physical exercise.","volume":"9","author":"A Rebelo-Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.25322011.v1","author":"M Rizvi","year":"2024a","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.25323391.v1","author":"M Rizvi","year":"2024b","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.25323478.v1","author":"M Rizvi","year":"2024c","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174-186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2018.11.007","article-title":"Treadmill training may be an effective form of task-specific training for improving mobility in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"105","author":"A Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiotherapy."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6-11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.018","article-title":"The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing.","volume":"139","author":"E Rudnicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319-1326","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130305","article-title":"Clinical experience using a 5-week treadmill training program with virtual reality to enhance gait in an ambulatory physical therapy service.","volume":"94","author":"S Shema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139056","article-title":"Low-volume high-intensity interval training in a gym setting improves cardio-metabolic and psychological health.","volume":"10","author":"S Shepherd","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"VII-vix","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.04.0068","article-title":"Underwater treadmill training in adults with incomplete spinal cord injuries.","volume":"47","author":"S Stevens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91-101","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000217","article-title":"Effects of underwater treadmill training on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury.","volume":"38","author":"S Stevens","year":"2015 Jan","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351-360","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-51502012000200013","article-title":"Effects of a dual-task training on dynamic and static balance control of pre-frail elderly: a pilot study.","volume":"25","author":"V Targino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fisioterapia em Movimento."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3756750","article-title":"Exercise for prevention and relief of cardiovascular disease: prognoses, mechanisms, and approaches.","volume":"2019","author":"D Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0388-x","article-title":"The efficacy of treadmill training with and without projected visual context for improving walking ability and reducing fall incidence and fear of falling in older adults with fall-related hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"16","author":"M Van Ooijen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-34","article-title":"Functional gait rehabilitation in elderly people following a fall-related hip fracture using a treadmill with visual context: design of a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"13","author":"M Van Ooijen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740-1751","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100391","article-title":"Impact of exercise to improve gait efficiency on activity and participation in older adults with mobility limitations: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"91","author":"J Vanswearingen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135913","article-title":"Integrating artificial intelligence and wearable IoT system in long-term care environments.","volume":"23","author":"W Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2478\/v10109-010-0053-4","article-title":"Effects of physiotherapy including various forms of gait exercises on a treadmill on functional efficiency in the elderly at risk of falling.","volume":"18","author":"B Wnuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiother. Q."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969-978","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182389fae","article-title":"Improving balance skills in patients who had stroke through virtual reality treadmill training.","volume":"90","author":"S Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196426","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1196426","article-title":"Advances in exercise to alleviate sarcopenia in older adults by improving mitochondrial dysfunction.","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T20:00:11Z","timestamp":1763668811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.146583.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.146583.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.177083.r394714","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.177083.r365510","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.177083.r394714","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.177083.r365510","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.177083.r365510, Mohamed Salaheldien Alayat, Basic Science, Cairo University, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Giza, Egypt, 10 Mar 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2#referee-response-365510","order":0,"name":"referee-response-365510","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Moattar Rizvi<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 13 Mar 2025<\/i>; Accepted","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2#referee-comment-13555","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-13555","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.160679.r353972, Adel Alhusaini, Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 09 Jan 2025, version 1, 2 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v1#referee-response-353972","order":2,"name":"referee-response-353972","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Moattar Rizvi<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 15 Jan 2025<\/i>; \n<b>Many Thank for&nbsp; prof. Adel Alhusaini&nbsp; for your valuable and worthful comments&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/b> The responses for all reviewing comments one by one&nbsp; \n<b>1-Reviewer comment&nbsp;<\/b> Methodological Clarity and Transparency: An inconsistency in the reported number of included studies (n=16 in the abstract versus n=15 in Table 1) warrants attention regarding transparency. The authors should explicitly state the final number of studies included within the results section and reconcile this discrepancy through verification and subsequent updates to both sections. \n<b>1-Author response<\/b>&nbsp; Thank you for pointing out this inconsistency. Upon verification, the correct number of included studies is \n<b>15<\/b>, and the mention of \n<b>16 studies in the abstract was a typographical error<\/b>. We have now updated the abstract, results section, and any other relevant parts of the manuscript to reflect the correct count (\n<b>n=15<\/b>) to maintain accuracy and transparency.  \n<b>2-Reviewer comment&nbsp;<\/b> Data Interpretation and Contextualization: Regarding Table 1: study by Hesse et al., 1997, updating the 'Study Type' field to 'Quasi-experimental study' is recommended if methodologically accurate. Furthermore, contextualizing the findings in relation to existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses would significantly enrich the review by providing a broader scholarly perspective and identifying areas of convergence or divergence. Methodological Rigor and Bias Assessment: Explicit reporting of blinding procedures within the included studies is necessary to facilitate a robust assessment of potential bias. Acknowledging limitations arising from the absence or non-reporting of blinding procedures is also crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of study quality. \n<b>2- Author comments<\/b> Thank you for your suggestion. The assessment of blinding procedures has been conducted using the \n<b>Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2 for RCTs)<\/b>. The updated \n<b>Results section<\/b> now explicitly reports blinding practices within the included studies, identifying whether \n<b>single, double, or no blinding<\/b> was used. Additionally, we have now included a detailed \n<b>bias assessment table<\/b> to highlight the impact of blinding (or lack thereof) on study outcomes. In cases where blinding was not reported, the potential risk of \n<b>performance and detection bias<\/b> has been acknowledged. \n<b>3- Reviewer comment&nbsp;<\/b> &nbsp;Please carefully review Table 1's columns and consider these revisions for clarity and conciseness: Change &quot;Paper Title&quot; to &quot;Author(s), Year&quot; without the title for easier reference and table management. Change &quot;Study Type&quot; to the more precise &quot;Study Design.&quot; Revise &quot;Population Characteristics&quot; to &quot;Participant Characteristics&quot; and add an &quot;Age&quot; field for comprehensive participant details. Add a &quot;Country\/Setting&quot; column to provide important contextual information, if possible. Combine &quot;Intervention&quot; and &quot;Duration&quot; into a single column for better readability (e.g., &quot;Treadmill training, 8 weeks&quot;). Add separate columns for &quot;Primary Outcome(s)&quot; and &quot;Secondary Outcome(s)&quot; of the studies. Include a column specifying the &quot;Outcome Measurement Tools&quot; used for each outcome \n<b>3- Author response&nbsp;<\/b> Thank you for your detailed and valuable suggestions. We have carefully revised \n<b>Table 1<\/b> to improve clarity, conciseness, and readability in accordance with your recommendations:  The \n<b>&quot;Paper Title&quot;<\/b> column has been changed to \n<b>&quot;Author(s), Year&quot;<\/b>, listing only the author(s) and publication year for streamlined reference. \n<b>&quot;Study Type&quot;<\/b> has been updated to \n<b>&quot;Study Design&quot;<\/b> to ensure precision in methodological classification. \n<b>&quot;Population Characteristics&quot;<\/b> has been revised to \n<b>&quot;Participant Characteristics,&quot;<\/b> and an \n<b>&quot;Age&quot;<\/b> field has been added to provide a clearer demographic profile of study participants. A new \n<b>&quot;Country\/Setting&quot;<\/b> column has been included where possible to offer contextual insights into the study environments. The \n<b>&quot;Intervention&quot; and &quot;Duration&quot;<\/b> columns have been combined into a single column to improve table readability (e.g., &quot;Treadmill training, 8 weeks&quot;). Separate columns for \n<b>&quot;Primary Outcome(s)&quot;<\/b> and \n<b>&quot;Secondary Outcome(s)&quot;<\/b> have been added to distinguish key findings in a structured manner.  .\n<b>4-Reviewer comment&nbsp;<\/b> Furthermore, concerning citation analysis within Table 1, if a literature review is cited, it is essential to examine the original primary studies referenced within that review and include those primary studies in the systematic review if they meet the pre-defined inclusion criteria. \n<b>4- Author response&nbsp;<\/b> Thank you for your insightful suggestion. We conducted a thorough \n<b>citation analysis<\/b> of the literature reviews included in Table 1 to identify relevant \n<b>primary studies<\/b> that could potentially meet our pre-defined inclusion criteria. However, upon careful examination, \n<b>none of the primary studies referenced within the cited literature reviews met the eligibility criteria<\/b> for inclusion in this systematic review.  \n<b>Many thanks for your efforts and worthful comments&nbsp;<\/b>","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2#referee-comment-13150","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-13150","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.177083.r394714, Hafsah Arshad, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, 12 Aug 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-330\/v2#referee-response-394714","order":4,"name":"referee-response-394714","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":5,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}