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Animal venoms contain diverse bioactive compounds like proteins, peptides, and small molecules, which may possess medicinal properties against epilepsy. In recent years, research has shown that venoms from various organisms such as spiders, ants, bees, wasps, and conus snails have anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects by targeting specific receptors and ion channels. This review underscores the significance of purified proteins and toxins from these sources as potential therapeutic agents for epilepsy. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the valuable role of animal venoms as a natural resource for further exploration in epilepsy treatment research.<\/ns7:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.147027.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T08:10:13Z","timestamp":1711527013000},"page":"225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Animal Venoms as Potential Source of Anticonvulsants"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syafiq Asnawi","family":"Zainal Abidin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Kin Yip","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iekhsan","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farooq","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545-1602","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475-482","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","article-title":"ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy.","volume":"55","author":"R Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811-1824","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8394-2","article-title":"Recent advances in epilepsy.","volume":"264","author":"M Manford","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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