{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T17:47:26Z","timestamp":1777139246177,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.150685.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000}}],"reference-count":19,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Background Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited countries relies primarily on bacteriological confirmation using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain on sputum or other representative samples. However, this method has low sensitivity due to suboptimal sampling and techniques. While AFB culture remains a gold standard for diagnosing TB and other mycobacterial infections, its limitations include slow turnaround time, and the requirement for specialized resources and expertise. Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation and immune reactions. We investigated the usefulness of the haematological parameters and their ratios, like the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Monocyte to Lymphocyte ratio (MLR), for diagnosing tuberculosis. Methods We retrospectively grouped 114 patients with fever into those diagnosed with TB and control groups. We obtained their haematological data and calculated their derived ratios. The ratios obtained from the two groups were compared. Their sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results Haematological parameters like MLR were higher in TB patients than in the control group. Although NLR was not significantly increased, MLR was significantly increased with p values &lt;0.05. These tests had low sensitivity but high specificity. Conclusion Serum NLR and MLR emerge as valuable tools in TB diagnosis. Their simplicity and cost-effectiveness render them particularly suitable for screening and recurrence monitoring in rural and remote settings, thereby mitigating loss to follow-up.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.150685.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T04:50:10Z","timestamp":1736311810000},"page":"747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deciphering the significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte and monocyte to lymphocyte ratios in tuberculosis: A case-control study from southern India"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0888-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poorva","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7257-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakshatha","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharada","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2554-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shikha","family":"Jayasheelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Tuberculosis (TB)."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"TB Statistics, India."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"A Bhargava","journal-title":"Social determinants of tuberculosis: context, framework, and the way forward to ending TB in India.","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1832469?journalCode=ierx20"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024-038","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3295","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness in the diagnosis of tuberculosis: choices in developing countries.","volume":"8","author":"P Molicotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38-60","DOI":"10.2741\/e845","article-title":"Diagnosis of TB from conventional to modern molecular protocols.","volume":"11","author":"P Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404-411","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.60822","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis retreatment.","volume":"13","author":"Y Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339-346","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.12.65","article-title":"High blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio associated with poor outcomes in miliary tuberculosis.","volume":"10","author":"Y Han","year":"2018 Jan","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4292-9","article-title":"Predicting the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis based on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at TB screening in HIV-infected individuals.","volume":"19","author":"R Miyahara","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232-235","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.140135","article-title":"Value of neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.","volume":"9","author":"S Iliaz","year":"2014 Oct","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Med."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737-2740","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S111254","article-title":"Platelet-lymphocyte ratios: a potential marker for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in COPD patients.","volume":"11","author":"G Chen","year":"2016 Nov 3","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"13-16","article-title":"Haematological parameters altered in tuberculosis.","volume":"11","author":"S Iqbal","year":"2015 Mar 31","journal-title":"Pak. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/ejh.ejh_62_19","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of the impact of tuberculosis infection and treatment on monocyte\u2013lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and other white blood cell parameters.","volume":"45","author":"C Okeke","year":"2020 Apr 1","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105-110","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2013.33.2.105","article-title":"Role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio in the differential diagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial community-acquired pneumonia.","volume":"33","author":"N Yoon","year":"2013 Mar 1","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39-50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2011.12.001","article-title":"Why are inaccurate tuberculosis serological tests widely used in the Indian private healthcare sector? A root-cause analysis.","volume":"2","author":"S Jaros\u0142awski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"R Nayak","year":"2024","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23684778.v5"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"R Nayak","year":"2024","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23684859.v5"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T07:15:20Z","timestamp":1738739720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.150685.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.150685.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176494.r357265","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176494.r357264","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176494.r357264","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176494.r357265","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176494.r357264, Sivaporn Gatechompol, HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, 17 Jan 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2#referee-response-357264","order":0,"name":"referee-response-357264","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Rakshatha Nayak<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 17 Jan 2025<\/i>; Dear Madam,&nbsp; Thank you for reviewing our article.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2#referee-comment-13161","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-13161","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176494.r357265, Tutik Tutik Kusmiati, Universitas Airlangga \u2013 Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, 31 Jan 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2#referee-response-357265","order":2,"name":"referee-response-357265","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Rakshatha Nayak<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 31 Jan 2025<\/i>; Dear Madam,&nbsp; Thank you for reviewing our article.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-747\/v2#referee-comment-13251","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-13251","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}