{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:35:03Z","timestamp":1788478503422,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.152917.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000}}],"reference-count":41,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background To evaluate the NETosis biomarkers citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase (ELA), calprotectin (CALPRO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as indicators of inflammation in the severe stages of periodontitis III and IV in both (smokers and nonsmokers) patients, and to determine the correlation between NETosis biomarkers and clinical periodontal parameters. Methods This study recruited male subjects with an age range of (20-60) years; 60 were stage III and stage IV periodontitis patients, 30 were cigarette smoker, and 30 were nonsmokers. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to evaluate their eligibility for recruitment, 25 control subjects with a healthy periodontal status and good oral hygiene maintenance were included. Unstimulated saliva was obtained and evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the following periodontal parameters were documented: [plaque index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss]. Results The mean levels of all salivary NETosis biomarkers citH3, ELA, CALPRO, and MPO were elevated in the periodontitis groups (smokers and nonsmokers) than in controls. Moreover, the mean NETosis biomarker\u2018s mean levels were significantly higher in smoker than in nonsmokers. In addition, the correlations were significant between CALPRO and CitH3 in smokers and between ELA and CitH3 in nonsmokers. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the chosen salivary biomarkers of NETosis revealed elevated clinical accuracy in differentiating the studied periodontitis groups (smokers and nonsmokers) from controls. In addition, cigarette smoking increases the risk of periodontitis, and neutrophils in smokers with periodontitis exhibited more susceptibility to form neutrophil extracellular traps when compared with nonsmokers.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.152917.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T12:21:36Z","timestamp":1744028496000},"page":"907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7020-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha Abdul","family":"Jabbar Najim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master's student, Basic Science Department Baghdad Baghdad Governorate University of Baghdad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batool Hassan","family":"Al Ghurabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiological\/Immunological Professor, Basic Science Department Baghdad Baghdad Governorate University of Baghdad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-5","DOI":"10.4103\/jorr.jorr_29_23","article-title":"Effect of tobacco smoking on the periodontal health in Parsa, Nepal: A comparative cross-sectional study.","volume":"16","author":"R Shah","year":"2024 Jan 1","journal-title":"J Oral Res R."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04196-8","article-title":"Serum biomarker levels in smokers and non-smokers following periodontal therapy. 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Najim","year":"2024","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:09:09Z","timestamp":1779876549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.152917.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.152917.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r381719","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r377245","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r376530","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r434266","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r377248","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r377245","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r381719","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r377248","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r376530","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r434266","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.167730.r315884, Zerina Hadzic, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 09 Sep 2024, version 1, 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v1#referee-response-315884","order":0,"name":"referee-response-315884","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Rasha Najim<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 13 Sep 2024<\/i>; This research was approved for its title and content after submitting a protocol to the Council of the College of Dentistry at the university of Baghdad. the abstract of the research sheds light on the research in general but all the details are mentioned in the research in detail. All salivary samples in this research were taken from males exclusively and females were excluded from the beginning before starting the research to provide standardization of the&nbsp; salivary samples on this study and also due to that hormonal fluctuations during&nbsp; female's lifetime may provide an exaggerated inflammatory response to the clinical periodontal parameters and produce significant changes in the periodontium according to previous studies. All the periodontitis patients taken in this study were sever stages stage III and stage IV and we depend on the clinical periodontal parameters according to the mentioned ref. (46) that depend on calculating the CAL and presence of PPD and all the parameters were assessed by inter-examiner as well as intra-examiner calibration. All the salivary samples as mentioned in this research were collected from specialized governmental dental educational centers and their working hours are necessarily from morning until 3 pm therefore the samples were taken in the morning period and before any periodontal treatment for the purpose of accuracy in collecting salivary samples.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#referee-comment-12429","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-12429","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r376530, Amal Bouziane, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 19 May 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#referee-response-376530","order":2,"name":"referee-response-376530","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r377245, Tarc\u00edlia Aparecida Silva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, 15 Apr 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#referee-response-377245","order":3,"name":"referee-response-377245","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r377248, Gaetano Isola, University of Catania, Catania, 18 Apr 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#referee-response-377248","order":4,"name":"referee-response-377248","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r381719, Mukhatar Ahmed Javali, King Khalid University,, Abha, 28 May 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#referee-response-381719","order":5,"name":"referee-response-381719","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176674.r434266, Zina Ali Daily, University of Al-Ameed,Karbala, Karbala, 02 Dec 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/13-907\/v2#referee-response-434266","order":6,"name":"referee-response-434266","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":7,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}