{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:09:37Z","timestamp":1773814177314,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15544.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000}}],"reference-count":29,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus in humans and the most common causative agent of Infectious Mononucleosis. EBV primary infection has recently risen in some countries and children below 2 years of age are highly susceptible. The clinical manifestations in children with EB virus infection involve multiple systems, causing severe illness, meaning attention should be paid during diagnosis and treatment.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Objective:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    \u00a0This single institution based retrospective study was carried out with the aim of estimating the overall prevalence of EBV infection and identifying high-risk age group among children.\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    This study include total 253 patients under 15 years of age found to be \u00a0positive for EBV DNA by serum PCR who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Renmin Hospital,(Shiyan, China) during a 4-year period from 2014 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups; 0-&lt;4years, 4-&lt;6years and 6-&lt;15years. We then calculated the percentage and prevalence of EBV DNA-positive cases.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The yearly EBV prevalence rate was 4.99 per 1000 admissions in 2014, 6.97 per 1000 admissions in 2015, 10.42 per 1000 admissions in 2016, and 12.16 per 1000 admissions in 2017. Out of 253 EBV-positive cases, those under 4 years had the highest rate of EBV infection (74.7%). The rate drops to 11.06% in the 4-6 years group, and was 14.22% in the 6-15 years group. Those between 6 months and 1 year are those at the highest risk.\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusion:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The rate of hospital admission of children due to EBV infection is increasing day by day. Children under 4 years of age are highly susceptible to infection and children of age between 6 months and 1 year are the high-risk group for EBV infection.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15544.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T04:06:18Z","timestamp":1550203578000},"page":"1211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Increasing Epstein-Barr virus infection in Chinese children: A single institutional based retrospective study."],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Devkota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maio","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211-240","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22822-8_9","article-title":"Infectious Mononucleosis.","volume":"390","author":"S Dunmire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099857","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Chinese children: a retrospective study of age-specific prevalence.","volume":"9","author":"G Xiong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175574","article-title":"Evolution of EBV seroprevalence and primary infection age in a French hospital and a city laboratory network, 2000-2016.","volume":"12","author":"G Fourcade","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0115836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115836","article-title":"A large-scale seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in Taiwan.","volume":"10","author":"C Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908-14","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1082036","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings in Danish children hospitalized with primary Epstein-Barr virus infection.","volume":"47","author":"S Topp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)."},{"key":"ref-6","first-page":"1586-1590","article-title":"Chapter 154: Epstein - Barr virus","author":"H Jenson","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871-876","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24402","article-title":"Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis in pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"88","author":"S Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"ref-8","first-page":"313-314","article-title":"\u201cChapter 14: Hematology.\u201d","author":"G Radha","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-011-0244-1","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in children in Beijing, China.","volume":"7","author":"L Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-10","first-page":"245-54","article-title":"Infectious mononucleosis in Turkish children.","volume":"52","author":"A Cengiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359-61","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512450627","article-title":"Sex ratio of infectious mononucleosis and possible relevance to multiple sclerosis.","volume":"19","author":"S Ramagopalan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0190-6","article-title":"Profile of EBV associated infectious mononucleosis.","volume":"49","author":"S Balasubramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409-13","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2011.54.10.409","article-title":"Clinical features of Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis in hospitalized Korean children.","volume":"54","author":"K Son","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-14","first-page":"468-471","article-title":"[Infection by the Epstein-Barr virus between the years 2006-2015 in the health area of Santiago de Compostela. Relationship with age and sex].","volume":"30","author":"R Trastoy Pena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064921","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in U.S. children ages 6-19, 2003-2010.","volume":"8","author":"J Dowd","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-55","article-title":"The impact of serological features in Chinese children with primary or past Epstein-Barr virus infections.","volume":"10","author":"Y Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700-8","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815613563","article-title":"Neurologic Complications Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus in Pediatric Patients.","volume":"31","author":"K Mazur-Melewska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286-92","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27858","article-title":"EBV primary infection in childhood and its relation to B-cell lymphoma development: a mini-review from a developing region.","volume":"133","author":"P Chabay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112-6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2006.01936.x","article-title":"Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in Japan: trends and future prediction.","volume":"56","author":"K Takeuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathol Int."},{"key":"ref-20","first-page":"55-60","article-title":"Infectious Mononucleosis in Children- Current Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects.","volume":"9","author":"M Cocuz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Transilvania."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286-93","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit321","article-title":"Age-specific prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection among individuals aged 6-19 years in the United States and factors affecting its acquisition.","volume":"208","author":"H Balfour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522-7","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10132","article-title":"Sero-epidemiological patterns of Epstein-Barr and herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) viruses in England and Wales.","volume":"67","author":"M Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.15844\/pedneurbriefs-29-11-7","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus Neurologic Complications.","volume":"29","author":"J Millichap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology Briefs."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401-403","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.174436","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis with substantia nigra involvement.","volume":"10","author":"T \u00c7elik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci."},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7-28","DOI":"10.2174\/1874357901509010007","article-title":"Epstein- Barr virus: Clinical and Epidemiological Revisits and Genetic Basis of Oncogenesis.","volume":"9","author":"A Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Virol J."},{"key":"ref-26","first-page":"1211-3","article-title":"Incidence of Epstein-Barr virus in astronaut saliva during spaceflight.","volume":"70","author":"D Payne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752-755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80475-2","article-title":"Fatal illness in a 2-week-old infant: diagnosis by detection of Epstein-Barr virus genomes from a lymph node biopsy.","volume":"103","author":"C Horwitz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579-1581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320140067034","article-title":"In utero Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis) infection.","volume":"246","author":"G Goldberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref-29","article-title":"Dataset 1 in: Increasing Epstein-Barr virus infection in Chinese children: A single institutional based retrospective study.","author":"K Devkota","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T12:58:53Z","timestamp":1557233933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.15544.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r44512","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r47166","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r45221","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r47166","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r45221","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r44512","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r44512, Anna Mania, Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Pozna\u0144, Poland, 22 Feb 2019, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2#referee-response-44512","order":0,"name":"referee-response-44512","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r45221, Michael J. Goldacre, UK Medical Careers Research Group, Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 01 Apr 2019, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2#referee-response-45221","order":1,"name":"referee-response-45221","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.19928.r47166, Mani Prasad Gautam, Department of Medicine, Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal, 07 May 2019, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1211\/v2#referee-response-47166","order":2,"name":"referee-response-47166","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}