{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:08:25Z","timestamp":1772168905404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns5:p>Background The identification of an individual after mass calamities poses challenges to experts when bones are fragmented. Dense bones, such as the maxilla, surpass this challenge and remain intact with sinuses even after incineration, thereby making the sinuses an ideal and reliable forensic science tool. No-ninvasive imaging techniques, such as Computed Tomography (CT), can be used to evaluate such cases and help detect fractures and further locate foreign bodies. This study aimed to estimate the dimensions and volumes of the frontal (FS), maxillary (MS), and sphenoidal air sinuses (SS) on CT scans and investigate age- and sex-related differences. Methods CT scans of the paranasal sinuses were acquired from 158 patients ranging in age from 19 to 73 years, and written consent was obtained from all participants. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee (ethical clearance number IEC 064\/2010). All parameters were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20 version and the significance level was set at p&lt;0.05. Results The bilateral anteroposterior length and height of the FS were significantly larger in men than females (p&lt;0.05). The overall dimensions of the MS and SS were substantially greater in males than females (P &lt;0.05). Likewise, the overall volumes of the fFS, MS, and SS were significantly greater in males than females (p&lt;0.05). However, no significant age-related correlation was observed in the dimensions and volumes of the sinuses. Conclusion The results of this study showed that imaging could be a reliable instrument for personal identification in forensic anthropology. Countries that do not allow autopsies may implement this method to clarify the cause of death.<\/ns5:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.156445.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:50:09Z","timestamp":1736920209000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Surface: A Multidetector Computer Tomography Scan Investigation into Age and Gender Differences."],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anu Vinod","family":"Ranade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajalakshmi","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biswabina","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7961-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya","family":"Vinod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e132-e138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.060","article-title":"Radiologic identification of disaster victims: a simple and reliable method using CT of the paranasal sinuses.","volume":"81","author":"T Ruder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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