{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:08:40Z","timestamp":1772168920557,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.158944.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000}}],"reference-count":144,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Indomethacin belongs to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) prescribed for treatment of rheumatoid diseases and linked to the development of gastric ulcers in many people. Cranberry is a rich source of polyphenols and flavonoids, which have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the activity of cranberry aqueous extract on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in albino rats. 20 adult male rats were sequentially assigned to four groups of 5 each. The control group consumes distilled water (DW) orally for 15 days. The induction group received a single oral dosage (60 mg\/kg) of IND. The omeprazole group got 60 mg\/kg of indomethacin as a single oral dose and then 20 mg\/kg\/day of omeprazole for 15 days. The cranberry group was given a single dose of indomethacin 60 mg\/kg orally and subsequently 200 mg\/kg\/day of cranberry aqueous extract for 15 days. Rats were euthanized on day 15, and gastric tissues were removed for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Results Cranberry extract considerably ameliorated the severity of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcerations and fixed histological deteriorations. Furthermore, indomethacin-exposed rats treated with cranberry extract exhibited dramatically lower serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers like TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6, but higher levels of anti-oxidative biomarkers like SOD and GPx. The bioactive flavonoids and polyphenols content of cranberry extract could possibly account for its profound gastroprotective effects. The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of cranberry extract could be a promising strategy for ameliorating the indomethacin-aggravated gastrotoxicity.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.158944.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T13:25:08Z","timestamp":1752758708000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The potential effects of cranberry extract on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0777-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaid","family":"Abdul-Majeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5047-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Qasim Yahya Malallah A.","family":"Al-Atrakji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437-441","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.5141102","article-title":"The Effect of Selectivity of Inhibitors to Cox-2 Enzyme on Hepatobiliary and Platelet Function in Patients with Osteoarthritis.","volume":"51","author":"A Hadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443-453","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.3.443","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase 2\u2014implications on maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity and ulcer healing: controversial issues and perspectives.","volume":"49","author":"F Halter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80-84","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.5211064","article-title":"Cytoprotective Actions of Omeprazole in Indomethacin\u2013Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats.","volume":"52","author":"M Manna","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"426-431","article-title":"The cytoprotective effect of different doses of Sildenafil on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.","volume":"52","author":"S Matloub","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"3567-3572","article-title":"The value of doxycycline in acetic acid induce ulcerative colitis in rats.","volume":"9","author":"M Manna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-13","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/361586","article-title":"Herbal Remedy: An Alternate Therapy of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing.","volume":"2014","author":"A Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ulcers."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311-317","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.1952","article-title":"Levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in serum of active and inactive Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients as biochemical markers for risk of cardiovascular disease.","volume":"65","author":"H Walid","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24-S33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2803-6","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of gastrointestinal ulcer healing.","volume":"50","author":"A Tarnawski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"32","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic activity of Zizyphus spinachristi Leaves Extracts.","volume":"35","author":"A Abu-Raghif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res."},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"186-193","article-title":"Exploring the role of phenolic extract as an ointment dosage form in inducing wound healing in mice.","volume":"13","author":"R Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat Results."},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Cannabinoids in neuropathic pain treatment: pharmacological insights and clinical outcomes from recent trials.","author":"M Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159-77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-019-09688-8","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived WNT2 increases tumor angiogenesis in colon cancer.","volume":"23","author":"D Unterleuthner","year":"2020 May","journal-title":"Angiogenesis."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517-531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04086.x","article-title":"cellular and molecular mechanisms of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers.","volume":"30","author":"C Musumba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154-159","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.5021270","article-title":"The Effect of Omeprazol in the Treatment of Laryngeal Manifestations of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux.","volume":"50","author":"O Al-beiruty","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30007","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30007","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro protective effects of omeprazole against neuropathic pain.","volume":"6","author":"S Chanchal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466-4490","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i15.4466","article-title":"Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders.","volume":"21","author":"R Teschke","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol: WJG."},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"127-130","article-title":"Evaluation of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba in vitiligo remedy.","volume":"6","author":"A Abu-Raghif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res."},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"120-125","article-title":"Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of vitex agnus castus extracts in mice.","volume":"35","author":"A Abu-Raghif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136-142","DOI":"10.4103\/MJBL.MJBL_310_22","article-title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Uncaria tomentosa Extract: In Vitro: and: In Vivo: Studies.","volume":"20","author":"E Oubaid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med J Babylon."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2024.100395","article-title":"Effect of ginger, chamomile, and green tea extracts on prostate cancer cells.","volume":"22","author":"A Fayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Genet Eng Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.23893\/1307-2080.APS6239","article-title":"Topical apigenin as a promising therapeutic agent for psoriasis: Evaluating efficacy alone and in combination with clobetasol in an imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice.","volume":"62","author":"A Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24864","article-title":"Skin Healing Potential of Bioactive Components From Lycoperdon lividum Mushroom Versus \u03b2-Sitosterol in Rat Model of Burn Wounds.","author":"M Thammer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12255-12290","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA00871A","article-title":"Recent advances in catalytic approaches for the synthesis of 3-substituted indoles: mechanisms and strategies.","volume":"15","author":"E Abdu Musad Saleh","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"192-197","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of aloe vera essential oil against skin infection with Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in vivo studies.","volume":"33","author":"M Khaleq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"260-268","article-title":"A comparative study of the effect of thyme and Calcium with Vitamin D3 in treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.","volume":"9","author":"A Abu-Raghif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci."},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755-1764","DOI":"10.22092\/ari.2021.356202.1803","article-title":"Renoprotective Potential of the Ultra-Pure Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter Sphaeroides on Acutely Injured Kidneys in an Animal Model.","volume":"76","author":"M Aal-Aaboda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst."},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-03949-8","article-title":"Protective effect of orientin on diabetic nephropathy in rat models of high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes.","author":"R Luty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-025-10442-2","article-title":"Quercetin mitigates sepsis-induced renal injury via inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative pathways in mice.","author":"A Raheem","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mol Histol."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35-45","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2023-0092","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos) in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice.","volume":"39","author":"S Shareef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pers Ther."},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78-86","DOI":"10.15587\/2519-4852.2021.239434","article-title":"The protective effect of zingiber officinale l. Extract on kidney tissues and blood factors of kidney functions after the damage caused by azathioprine.","volume":"32","author":"S Shareef","year":"2021","journal-title":"ScienceRise Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S243-S246","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_480_23","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Pleurotus Ostreatus as an Ointment Formulation in Inducing Wound Healing in Mice Skin.","volume":"16","author":"O Abdulhameed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111260","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.127129.1","article-title":"Gastroprotective effect of Zinnia elegans extracts against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage through downregulation of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines.","volume":"11","author":"Z Essam Hameed","year":"2022","journal-title":"F1000Research."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872-883","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307142","article-title":"A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice.","volume":"64","author":"F Anh\u00ea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741-781","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390802145377","article-title":"Phytochemicals of cranberries and cranberry products: characterization, potential health effects, and processing stability.","volume":"49","author":"E Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396-3408","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204912u","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of the quality of commercial cranberry products. Phenolic characterization and in vitro bioactivity.","volume":"60","author":"F S\u00e1nchez-Pat\u00e1n","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86-106","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jju007","article-title":"Systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases.","volume":"9","author":"J Langhorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357-75","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233712457448","article-title":"Evaluation of antiulcer activity of indole-3-carbinol and\/or omeprazole on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.","volume":"30","author":"N El-Shinnawy","year":"2014 May","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health."},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"117-125","article-title":"Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of ethanol extract of Cassia fistula fruit in male rats.","volume":"9","author":"R Abid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582-592","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2017.1409758","article-title":"Cranberry antioxidant power on oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial damage.","volume":"21","author":"A Caldas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop."},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"309-316","article-title":"The effect of Niclosamide in acetic acid induce colitis: an experimental study.","author":"M Manna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prensa M\u00e9d Argent."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2739-2754","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00152","article-title":"Mitigative Effects of Topical Norfloxacin on an Imiquimod-Induced Murine Model of Psoriasis.","volume":"7","author":"H Ridha-Salman","year":"2024 2024\/08\/02","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5219-32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-02947-6","article-title":"Novel effect of topical Roquinimex and its combination with Clobetasol on an imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice.","volume":"397","author":"A Hasan","year":"2024 Jan 24","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363-1371","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.70.e111097","article-title":"A comparative study of oral diacerein and transdermal diacerein as Novasomal gel in a model of MIA induced Osteoarthritis in rats.","volume":"70","author":"N Fareed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacia."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"260-70","article-title":"Role of Topical Ritodrine Hydrochloride in Experimentally Induced Hypertrophic Scar in Rabbits.","volume":"31","author":"H Kadhim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iraqi J Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90-99","DOI":"10.36295\/ASRO.2020.23411","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of ambrisentan on experimentally induced colitis in a male rat\u2019s models.","volume":"23","author":"R Atarbashe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Public Health."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459-468","DOI":"10.11594\/jtls.14.03.03","article-title":"The attenuated effects of Topical Empagliflozin on Imiquimod-induced Model of Psoriasis in Mice.","volume":"14","author":"A Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Trop Life Sci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-03955-z","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of bosentan on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model.","volume":"317","author":"A Habbas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206782","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1206782","article-title":"Protective effect of cafestol against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by activating the Nrf2 pathway.","volume":"14","author":"S Al-Kenany","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03406-y","article-title":"The alleviative effects of canagliflozin on imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis-like inflammation.","volume":"398","author":"H Ridha-Salman","year":"2024 2024\/09\/10","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"31-39","article-title":"Effects of Irbesartan in induced Parkinson\u2019s disease in mice.","volume":"12","author":"S Kamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharmaceut Qual Assur."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84-91","DOI":"10.31351\/vol32iss1pp84-91","article-title":"Evaluation the Effect of Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Muralein Comparison with Tacrolimus on Mice Induced Atopic Dermatitis.","volume":"32","author":"Z Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iraqi J Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2025.108958","article-title":"A DFT study of pure and Si-decorated boron nitride allotrope Irida monolayer as an effective sensor for hydroxyurea drug.","volume":"136","author":"C Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mol Graph Model."},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"88-98","article-title":"Antiinflmmatory and antihyperlipidemic effect of adjuvant cinnamon in type 2 diabetic patients.","volume":"41","author":"H Kadhim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63-67","DOI":"10.61873\/FMGQ9899","article-title":"Comparative assessment of the effects of two intrauterine systems for long-term contraception on some haematological, biochemical, and immunological markers.","volume":"38","author":"F Al-Humadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6231-6248","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03017-7","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of topical ramelteon on imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation in mice.","volume":"397","author":"A Khafaji","year":"2024 2024\/03\/06","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"662-669","article-title":"Irbesartan Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Renal Injury In Mice Models.","author":"A Raheem","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat Results."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-025-01019-0","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of carbohydrazide indole derivative on micro-blood vessel growth using in vitro and in vivo assays.","author":"B Khaleel","year":"2025","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol - Anim."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248-253","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.573374","article-title":"Biochemical studies on the effect of Crataegus aqueous extract on oxidative stress during ischemia\/reperfusion induced myocardial injuries.","volume":"57","author":"M Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58-66","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.6612174","article-title":"Antioxidant Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles Prepared from Eruca Sativa Extract on Ketoconazole\u2013Induced Testicular Oxidative Damage in Male Rats.","volume":"66","author":"B Shareef","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070-1075","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.12.3.24","article-title":"Effect of Convolvulus arvensis Ethanolic Extract on Testosterone-induced Alopecia in Mice.","volume":"12","author":"M Naji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"299-305","article-title":"Effects of topical pentoxifylline on induced thermal burn in mic.","volume":"12","author":"H Mansur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Qual Assur."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735-747","DOI":"10.23893\/1307-2080.APS6248","article-title":"Effect of kaempferol, amygdalin and methylprednisolone alone and in combination in induced cytokine storm in mice.","volume":"62","author":"S Obaid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"2744-2755","article-title":"The effect of capparis spinosa extract on induced PCOS mice.","volume":"12","author":"S Al-Mously","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31-43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1050-2_3","article-title":"Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining.","volume":"1180","author":"A Feldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"190-194","article-title":"Effects of aqueous thyme extract against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits.","volume":"30","author":"A Abu-Raghif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res."},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"5953-5958","article-title":"The possible hepatoprotecive effects of \u201ckrill oil and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced rats model of liver fibrosis: in vivo study\u201d.","volume":"14","author":"K Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol."},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"827-833","article-title":"The possible hepatoprotective effects of combination of an oral krill oil and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride (Ccl4)-induced liver fibrosis\/injury in white albino rats: Histopathological, and biochemical studies.","volume":"11","author":"K Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-14","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.71.e114753","article-title":"Effects of topical Ivermectin on imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in mouse model \u2013 Novel findings.","volume":"71","author":"S Almudaris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacia."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173-186","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4226-3.00010-X","author":"J Bancroft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bancroft\u2019s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35-53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.09.002","article-title":"Attenuated effects of topical vinpocetine in an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis.","volume":"19","author":"H Salman","year":"2024 2024\/02\/01\/","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599-616","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02629-9","article-title":"The ameliorative effects of topical gemifloxacin alone or in combination with clobetasol propionate on imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice.","volume":"397","author":"H Salman","year":"2024 2024\/01\/01","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"106-112","article-title":"Moxifloxacin ameliorates clinical disease activity and histopathological changes of acetic acid-induced colitis model in rat possibly through its effect on proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.","volume":"10","author":"J Dawood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Life Sci."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234-240","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.2082","article-title":"Preparation of Idebenone as a Thermosetting Nasal Gel for Better Bioavailability and Histopathological Effect.","volume":"65","author":"H Jaafer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32007\/jfacmedbagdad.524962","article-title":"Histopathological and enzymatic study on the effect of Aspergillus fumigatus in mice.","volume":"52","author":"S Shafiq","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fac Med Baghdad"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1615-1623","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of sildenafil in experimental colitis through anti-oxidative stress and inhibition of adhesion molecules.","volume":"9","author":"M Manna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res."},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"194-203","article-title":"Comparative Effects of Phenolic Extract As an Ointment Dosage Form in Inducing Wound Healing in Mice and \u03b2-sitosterol in Experimentally Induced Acute Wound Healing in Mice.","volume":"13","author":"R Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat Results."},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"362-369","article-title":"The attenuated effects of epagliflozin on imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice.","volume":"42","author":"A Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lat Am J Pharm."},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Effect of captopril on inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress parameters and histological outcome in experimental induced colitis.","volume":"9","author":"M Manna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017-1023","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.13.3.41","article-title":"The Impact of Carvedilol on Organ Index, Inflammatory Mediators, Oxidative Stress Parameters and Skin Markers in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice.","volume":"13","author":"E Shihab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754-759","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.12.2.51","article-title":"Effects of methanol extract of Corchorus olitorius cultivated in Iraq on high fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type ii diabetes in rats.","volume":"12","author":"N Swayeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141-152","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.310521","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic and flavonoid-enriched extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.","volume":"16","author":"M Minaiyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187-195","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.70.e98715","article-title":"Ibudilast ameliorates experimentally induced colitis in rats via down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity.","volume":"70","author":"E Oubaid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacia."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915-919","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2022-0281","article-title":"Role of Iberin as an anti-apoptotic agent on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.","volume":"16","author":"Y Yahiya","year":"2023 Jun","journal-title":"J Med Life."},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"1803-13","article-title":"Effects of Apremilast on Induced Hypertrophic Scar of Rabbits.","volume":"76","author":"D Ghazy","year":"2021 Dec","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297-301","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_248_18","article-title":"Selection of appropriate statistical methods for data analysis.","volume":"22","author":"P Mishra","year":"2019 Jul-Sep","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505-512","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.23-0052","article-title":"Effect of felodipine on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats.","volume":"72","author":"N Akba\u015f","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Anim."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030829","article-title":"Carnosic acid ameliorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.","volume":"11","author":"B Danisman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868-1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0560-z","article-title":"Protective effect of mirtazapine on indomethacin-induced ulcer in rats and its relationship with oxidant and antioxidant parameters.","volume":"54","author":"M Bilici","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682-1686","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.12.4.33","article-title":"The Effect of L-carnitine on Apoptotic Markers (Annexin V and Clusterin) in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women undergoing ICSI.","volume":"12","author":"Z Alhussien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011-1016","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.13.3.40","article-title":"Evaluation of Anti-aging Effects of Gemfibrozil on D-galactose induced Aging Mouse Model.","volume":"13","author":"AL-Bairmani RJ, Kadhim HM.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165-1169","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2023-0194","article-title":"Comparative treatment of Sulfasalazine+ Ezetimibe combination and Sulfasalazine in a rat model with induced colitis.","volume":"16","author":"F Jaafar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Life."},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04317-2","article-title":"Suppressive effect of topical moxifloxacin on imiquimod-induced model of psoriasis in mice.","author":"A Abbas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193-1203","DOI":"10.26655\/jmchemsci.2023.5.25","article-title":"Cilostazol Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Kidney Impairment in a Mice Model.","volume":"6","author":"A Raheem","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Chem Sci."},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23-42","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.14018","article-title":"The mitigating effect of para-hydroxycinnamic acid in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through targeting oxidative, inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.","volume":"135","author":"Z Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04299-4","article-title":"Impact of Azithromycin on Specific Biochemical Markers and Sebum Composition in Acne Vulgaris Patients.","author":"A Abdulbari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769-783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.01.008","article-title":"Morin protects gastric mucosa from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis by modulating NF-\u03baB pathway.","volume":"1850","author":"K Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273-281","DOI":"10.5567\/pharmacologia.2015.273.281","article-title":"Antiulcer potential of morin in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer via modulation of endogenous biomarkers in laboratory animals.","volume":"6","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacologia."},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Oxidative stress implications in experimental gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin.","volume":"65","author":"M Adriana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147-156","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2024.2344477","article-title":"Syringic acid guards against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.","volume":"99","author":"I Ferah Okkay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85-98","DOI":"10.33762\/mjbu.2020.127147.1018","article-title":"The anti ulcer effect of omeprazole is modified by Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) in ethanol induced gastric ulceration in rabbits.","volume":"38","author":"J Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Basrah Univ."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104002","article-title":"Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the growth, hemato-biochemical, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress markers, involved gens and histopathological alterations in growing rabbits challenged with aflatoxin B1.","volume":"103","author":"S Saghir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12043-023-02701-2","article-title":"The capability of pure and modified boron carbide nanosheet as a nanocarrier for dacarbazine anticancer drug delivery: DFT study.","volume":"98","author":"C Hsu","year":"2024 2024\/03\/18","journal-title":"Pramana."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5871-5880","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.5270","article-title":"Omeprazole preserves the RER in chief cells and enhances re-epithelialization of parietal cells with SOD and AQP-4 up-regulation in ethanol-induced gastritis rats.","volume":"14","author":"K Kengkoom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553-557","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.25.553","article-title":"Isolation and pharmacological characterization of fatty acids from saw palmetto extract.","volume":"25","author":"M Abe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal Sci."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina45120127","article-title":"Phenolics and anthocyanins in berries of European cranberry and their antimicrobial activity.","volume":"45","author":"L \u010cesonien\u0117","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicina."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343642","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/343642","article-title":"Anti-inflammation property of Syzygium Cumini (L.) skeels on indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulceration.","volume":"2015","author":"L Chanudom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569-579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.12.028","article-title":"Anthocyanins accelerate the healing of naproxen-induced gastric ulcer in rats by activating antioxidant enzymes via modulation of Nrf2.","volume":"7","author":"S Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963-968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.03.062","article-title":"Isolation of specific cranberry flavonoids for biological activity assessment.","volume":"116","author":"A Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375-383","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769509145649","article-title":"The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids.","volume":"22","author":"C Rice-evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Free Radic Res."},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"1962-1976","article-title":"Anti-proliferative, Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Topical Rutin on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis in Mice.","volume":"22","author":"S Khorsheed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak J Life Soc Sc."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742-750","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00568.x","article-title":"Gastroprotective effect of rutin against indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats.","volume":"107","author":"I Abdel-Raheem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521-529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2007.00512.x","article-title":"Protective effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid against haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and associated behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical changes.","volume":"21","author":"M Bishnoi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-13","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.71.e128832","article-title":"Alleviative Effects of Combined Topical Melatonin and Rutin on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Mouse Model.","volume":"71","author":"S Khorsheed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacia."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-015-0022-y","article-title":"Hepato-protective effect of rutin via IL-6\/STAT3 pathway in CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.","volume":"48","author":"M Hafez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Res."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252-261","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2016.0067","article-title":"Quercetin attenuates, indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats.","volume":"76","author":"A Alkushi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Morphol. (Warsz)."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051000","article-title":"Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity.","volume":"29","author":"E Carrillo-Martinez","year":"2024 Feb 25","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"1310-1311","article-title":"Oxidative stress in patients with premature hair grayness.","volume":"26","author":"K Sharquie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Saudi Med J."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353-362","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2023.230659","article-title":"Labetalol Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Rat Possibly Through its Effect on Proinflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress.","volume":"70","author":"J Dawood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Lab."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-024-00701-7","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant effects of 2-NTI indole derivative vs. suramin in ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro studies.","volume":"77","author":"B Khaleel","year":"2025 2025\/01\/07","journal-title":"Cytotechnology."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749-760","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01694504","article-title":"Indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation.","volume":"22","author":"W Fang","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111-118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.12.024","article-title":"Protective role of \u03b2-patchoulene from Pogostemon cablin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Involvement of anti-inflammation and angiogenesis.","volume":"39","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36295\/ASRO.2020.231201","article-title":"Activity of zinc oral dispersible tablet on marjory clinical type of recurrent aphthous stomatitis ulceration, a clinical trial human study.","volume":"23","author":"G Al-Oudah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Public Health."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759-762","DOI":"10.52711\/0974-360X.2023.00129","article-title":"Protective effect of rosuvastatin on cyclophosphamide-induced oral toxicity in rats: Histological and immunohistochemical Study.","volume":"16","author":"J Mammdoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03789-1","article-title":"Evaluation of common topical therapeutic agents of plane warts.","volume":"317","author":"K Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269-1274","DOI":"10.25258\/ijddt.11.4.25","article-title":"Effects of Emodin and Salvianolic Acid on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice Model.","volume":"11","author":"H Kadhim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Drug Deliv Technol."},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-025-10416-4","article-title":"Vildagliptin topical ointment: an effective treatment for imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice.","volume":"56","author":"B Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mol Histol."},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"745-760","article-title":"Effects of Emodin on CCl4 Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice Model.","volume":"12","author":"M Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Pharma Technol."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfaf007","article-title":"The Possible effect of Bosentan on the methotrexate-induced salivary gland changes in male rats: histological and Immunohistochemical study.","volume":"14","author":"R Attarbashee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol Res."},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"Involvement of inflammatory mediators in the gastroprotective action of Phaleria macrocarpa against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.","volume":"30","author":"W Abood","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86-92","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.08-267","article-title":"Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, suppresses production of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 induced by lipopolysaccharide and Helicobacter Pylori bacterial components in human monocytic cells via inhibition of activation of nuclear factor-\u03baB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase.","volume":"45","author":"T Tanigawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr."},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116436","article-title":"From lab to nature: Recent advancements in the journey of gastroprotective agents from medicinal chemistry to phytotherapy.","volume":"272","author":"S Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem."},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04446-4","article-title":"Biogenic Nanoparticles as Safer Alternatives for Gastric Ulcers: An Update on Green Synthesis Methods, Toxicity, and Their Efficacy in Controlling Inflammation.","author":"S Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100264","article-title":"A review of the most common in vivo models of stomach ulcers and natural and synthetic anti-ulcer compounds: a comparative systematic study.","volume":"2","author":"M Beiranvand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomed Plus."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7022-7028","DOI":"10.1021\/jf4051599","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of wild blueberry anthocyanins and other flavonoids on biomarkers of acute and chronic inflammation in vitro.","volume":"62","author":"D Esposito","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9542-9548","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102590p","article-title":"Inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses and antioxidant capacity of Mexican blackberry (Rubus spp.) extracts.","volume":"58","author":"E Cuevas-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791-801","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-005-9003-4","article-title":"Acetaldehyde-induced interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production is inhibited by berberine through nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.","volume":"12","author":"C Hsiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101-133","DOI":"10.3390\/genes4020101","article-title":"The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) in inflammation.","volume":"4","author":"U Moens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S74-S79","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200201001-00010","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases.","volume":"30","author":"S Arbabi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911-1912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072682","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases.","volume":"298","author":"G Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251-258","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2016.10.3.251","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidin-rich red rice extract via suppression of MAPK, AP-1 and NF-\u03baB pathways in Raw 264.7 macrophages.","volume":"10","author":"P Limtrakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Res Pract."},{"key":"ref124","first-page":"571-584","article-title":"Flavonoids and nitric oxide synthase.","volume":"53","author":"R Olszanecki","year":"2002 Dec","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914-919","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.771375","article-title":"Protective effect of rutin against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion.","volume":"51","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013 Jul","journal-title":"Pharm Biol."},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"192-207","article-title":"Gastro-protective, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of rutin on ethanol-induced gastritis in rats.","volume":"27","author":"S Aziza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Benha Vet Med J."},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28236107.v4","article-title":"The Potential Effects of Cranberry Extract on Indomethacin-induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. figshare.","author":"Z Mahmood Abdul-Majeed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Figure."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T13:25:14Z","timestamp":1752758714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":144,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.158944.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.158944.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.183327.r390699","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.183327.r390699","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.174603.r374136, Suraj N Mali, Dr. D.Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, Navi, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 17 Apr 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v1#referee-response-374136","order":0,"name":"referee-response-374136","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.183327.r390699, Vishal Dubey, Sundyota Numandis Probioceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 25 Jun 2025, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v2#referee-response-390699","order":1,"name":"referee-response-390699","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.174603.r385778, Vijayakumar A. R, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 03 Jun 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-257\/v1#referee-response-385778","order":2,"name":"referee-response-385778","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}