{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:42:44Z","timestamp":1767174164440,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.159954.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000}}],"reference-count":39,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center For Higher Education Funding and Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns5:p>Background Postoperative infection and rejection of miniplates in maxillofacial surgery are linked to surface irregularities and bacterial adhesion. This study investigated the physical and microbiological characteristics of patient-rejected miniplates to elucidate factors contributing to implant failure. Methods Forty miniplates, including straight-type BSSO and L-shaped designs, were collected from patients. Macro photography documented surface deformities. Contact angle measurements assessed surface wettability. Bacterial adhesion for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis was quantified via the crystal violet assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize microbial colonization. Results Macro images showed visible deformations, especially in the bridge areas of straight-type BSSO plates. Contact angle analysis revealed significantly greater hydrophobicity in rejected plates than controls (mean: 89.6\u00b0 vs. 72.3\u00b0, p &lt; 0.01). Rejected plates demonstrated significantly increased adhesion of S. aureus and S. mutans (p &lt; 0.001), particularly on mandibular plates. P. aeruginosa adhered more to control plates (p &lt; 0.05), while E. faecalis showed no significant difference between groups. SEM confirmed dense bacterial clusters, with S. aureus forming cocci aggregates and S. mutans forming chains, particularly in regions of surface distortion. Conclusion Rejected miniplates exhibit increased surface roughness and hydrophobicity, correlating with elevated bacterial adhesion. These findings highlight the need for improved surface design or coating technologies to reduce biofilm formation and enhance clinical outcomes in maxillofacial surgery.<\/ns5:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.159954.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1747825210000},"page":"158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of Surface Damage on Miniplates: A Study of Bacterial Attachment Across Various Strains"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1730-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bramasto Purbo","family":"Sejati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetiana","family":"Haniastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Kusumaatmaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7378-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Goreti","family":"Widyastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.159017.3","article-title":"Complications following miniplate insertion in maxillofacial fractures: a systematic review [version 3; peer review: 3 approved].","volume":"13","author":"B Sejati","year":"2025","journal-title":"F1000Research."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572-578","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000194","article-title":"Hardware removal in craniomaxillofacial trauma: a systematic review of the literature and management algorithm.","volume":"75","author":"T Cahill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}