{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:40:55Z","timestamp":1789015255814,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for brain imaging, but conventional methods rely on qualitative contrast, are time-intensive, and prone to variability. Magnetic resonance finger printing (MRF) addresses these limitations by enabling fast, simultaneous mapping of multiple tissue properties like T1, T2. Using dynamic acquisition parameters and a precomputed signal dictionary, MRF provides robust, qualitative maps, improving diagnostic precision and expanding clinical and research applications in brain imaging. Methods Database searches were performed through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of science to identify relevant articles focusing on the application of MR finger printing in the adult brain. We utilized the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines to extract data from the selected studies. Results Nine articles were included in the final review, with a total sample size of 332 participants. In healthy brains, notable regional, sex, age, and hemispheric variations were identified, particularly in the corpus callosum and thalamus. MRF effectively differentiated meningioma subtypes, glioma grades, and IDH mutation status, with T2 values providing particularly predictive for glioma classification. In brain metastases, significant relaxometry differences were noted between normal and lesional tissues. For multiple sclerosis, MRF values correlated with clinical and disability measures, distinguishing relapsing-remitting secondary progressive forms. In traumatic brain injury, longitudinal T1 changes strongly correlated with clinical recovery, surpassing T2 values. Conclusions The systematic review highlighted MRD as a groundbreaking technique that enhances neurological diagnosis by simultaneously quantifying T1 and T2 relaxation times. With reduced acquisition times, MRF outperforms conventional MRI in detecting subtle pathologies, distinguishing properties, and providing reliable biomarkers.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.160088.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T11:05:06Z","timestamp":1736420706000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Applications of MR Finger printing derived T1 and T2 values in Adult brain: A Systematic review"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Riyan","family":"Mohamed Sajer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saikiran","family":"Pendem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajagopal","family":"Kadavigere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyanka","family":"-","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shailesh","family":"Nayak S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8838-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tancia","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obhuli","family":"Chandran M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2726-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijith","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7447-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varsha","family":"Raghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551-556","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000170","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography of the Brain-50 Years of Innovation, With a Focus on the Future.","volume":"50","author":"V Runge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020364","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Adult Brain Tumors: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.","volume":"11","author":"M Martucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8-23","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2015.3.1.8","article-title":"Modern brain tumor imaging.","volume":"3","author":"M Mabray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435-446","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_1581_22","article-title":"Classification of low- and high-grade gliomas using radiomic analysis of multiple sequences of MRI brain.","volume":"19","author":"R Zachariah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278-281","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.284377","article-title":"Effectiveness of QSM over R2* in assessment of parkinson\u2019s disease - A systematic review.","volume":"68","author":"P Saikiran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. India."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43-56","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00177-0","article-title":"Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in psychiatry: a narrative review of its potential role in diagnosis.","volume":"73","author":"P Podwalski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-12","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/542467","article-title":"A Window into the Brain: Advances in Psychiatric fMRI.","volume":"2015","author":"X Zhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577-1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.07.004","article-title":"Identification of optimal value of magnetic resonance planimetry and the parkinsonism index for the diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.","volume":"18","author":"N Shetty","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20201215","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201215","article-title":"Clinical quantitative MRI and the need for metrology.","volume":"94","author":"M Cashmore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181-1194","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae049","article-title":"Challenges, limitations, and pitfalls of PET and advanced MRI in patients with brain tumors: A report of the PET\/RANO group.","volume":"26","author":"N Galldiks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.154680.2","article-title":"Role of Artificial intelligence model in prediction of low back pain using T2 weighted MRI of Lumbar spine.","volume":"13","author":"A Muhaimil","year":"2024","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.146052.1","article-title":"Differentiation of invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma of the breast using MRI radiomic features: a pilot study.","volume":"13","author":"S Maiti","year":"2024","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-12-27","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative assessment of structural magnetic resonance imaging data in a two-center study.","volume":"12","author":"S Chalavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med. Imaging."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337-348","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910110308","article-title":"Assessment of demyelination, edema, and gliosis by in vivo determination of T1 and T2 in the brain of patients with acute attack of multiple sclerosis.","volume":"11","author":"H Larsson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725-731","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20602","article-title":"Full-brain T1 mapping through inversion recovery fast spin echo imaging with time-efficient slice ordering.","volume":"54","author":"D Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71-81","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24225","article-title":"IR TrueFISP with a golden-ratio-based radial readout: Fast quantification of T1, T2, and proton density.","volume":"69","author":"P Ehses","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114-1120","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22483","article-title":"Compressed sensing reconstruction for magnetic resonance parameter mapping.","volume":"64","author":"M Doneva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187-192","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11971","article-title":"Magnetic resonance fingerprinting.","volume":"495","author":"D Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621-1631","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25559","article-title":"MR fingerprinting using fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) with spiral readout.","volume":"74","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303-2314","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25818","article-title":"Music-based magnetic resonance fingerprinting to improve patient comfort during MRI examinations.","volume":"75","author":"D Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magn. Reason. Med."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523-528","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25439","article-title":"Fast group matching for MR fingerprinting reconstruction.","volume":"74","author":"S Cauley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.","volume":"372","author":"M Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Study Quality Assessment Tools.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136-144","DOI":"10.18383\/j.tom.2015.00166","article-title":"Simultaneous T1 and T2 Brain Relaxometry in Asymptomatic Volunteers using Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting.","volume":"1","author":"C Badve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tomography."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492-499","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5035","article-title":"MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience.","volume":"38","author":"C Badve","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697-706","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-021-00924-1","article-title":"Whole-brain 3D MR fingerprinting brain imaging: clinical validation and feasibility to patients with meningioma.","volume":"34","author":"T Mostardeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"MAGMA."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447-1457","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-732","article-title":"Application of magnetic resonance fingerprinting to differentiate grade I transitional and fibrous meningiomas from meningothelial meningiomas.","volume":"11","author":"R Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e157-e165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.09.008","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting for Preoperative Meningioma Consistency Prediction.","volume":"29","author":"Y Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308-1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08235-8","article-title":"T1 and T2 quantification using magnetic resonance fingerprinting in mild traumatic brain injury.","volume":"32","author":"T Gerhalter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5606","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225606","article-title":"Quantitative Relaxometry Metrics for Brain Metastases Compared to Normal Tissues: A Pilot MR Fingerprinting Study.","volume":"14","author":"A Konar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030723","article-title":"i MR Fingerprinting-A Radiogenomic Marker for Diffuse Gliomas.","volume":"14","author":"E Springer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105024","article-title":"Magnetic resonance fingerprinting in multiple sclerosis.","volume":"79","author":"D Ontaneda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232741","article-title":"Quality Assessment of MRI-Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Methods in Classification of Brain Tumors: Systematic Review.","volume":"14","author":"S Nayak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"65-70","article-title":"MR imaging: possibility of tissue characterization of brain tumors using T1 and T2 values.","volume":"8","author":"M Komiyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109-115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.05.005","article-title":"The role of diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic susceptibility perfusion MRI in the evaluation of meningioma grade and subtype.","volume":"146","author":"A Zikou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333-340","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115578323","article-title":"Prediction of hard meningiomas: quantitative evaluation based on the magnetic resonance signal intensity.","volume":"57","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.85983","article-title":"Use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging T1 and T2 sequences to determine intraoperative meningioma consistency.","volume":"2","author":"J Hoover","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311-1333","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.891601","article-title":"Malignant glioma: genetics and biology of a grave matter.","volume":"15","author":"E Maher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97-109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system.","volume":"114","author":"D Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489-2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.10.003","article-title":"Differentiation between low-grade and high-grade glioma using combined diffusion tensor imaging metrics.","volume":"115","author":"L Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366-1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.12.031","article-title":"Differentiation of pure vasogenic edema and tumor-infiltrated edema in patients with peritumoral edema by analyzing the relationship of axial and radial diffusivitieson3.0TMRI.","volume":"115","author":"Z Min","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865-874","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.6.0865","article-title":"Imaging-based stereotaxic serial biopsies in untreated intracranial glial neoplasms.","volume":"66","author":"P Kelly","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745-752","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602048","article-title":"Correlation of in vitro infiltration with glioma histological type in organotypic brain slices.","volume":"91","author":"S Palfi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28009427.v2","author":"S Pendem","year":"2024","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:29:11Z","timestamp":1770719351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.160088.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.175906.r358477","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.175906.r358478","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.175906.r358477","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.175906.r358478","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.175906.r358478, Shashi Kumar Shetty, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore,, Karnataka, 17 Jan 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1#referee-response-358478","order":0,"name":"referee-response-358478","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.175906.r358477, Manna Debnath, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, 20 Jan 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-54\/v1#referee-response-358477","order":1,"name":"referee-response-358477","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}