{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:51:31Z","timestamp":1791888691339,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.160207.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000}}],"reference-count":22,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades. Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JDC2022-049149-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDC2022-049149-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background This study investigates factors influencing the deposit of academic publications and research data in open access repositories by Spanish researchers. Methods Using survey data from a sample of Spanish academics, the research examines the impact of personal attributes (e.g., gender, age, knowledge of open science) and contextual variables (e.g., academic discipline, institutional type) on deposit behaviours. Quantitative methods, including chi-square tests and regression analysis, reveal significant associations between knowledge of open science and deposit practices. Results Researchers familiar with open science principles were more likely to deposit multiple versions of articles and datasets, albeit with varying intensity. Key findings highlight disciplinary and institutional differences: researchers in Life Sciences and Experimental Sciences showed higher engagement with both article and data deposits, whereas Health Sciences lagged. Gender differences were also observed, with male researchers depositing articles and datasets more frequently than their female counterparts, though age showed limited impact. Public institutions exhibited lower data deposit rates despite mandates supporting open access. Conclusions The study underscores the need for tailored policies, including awareness campaigns, infrastructure investment, and discipline-specific strategies, to promote equitable and widespread adoption of open science practices. Findings contribute to understanding open science implementation, emphasizing the interplay of individual, institutional, and systemic factors.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.160207.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:29:07Z","timestamp":1791887347000},"page":"212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u202fOpen Science in Spain: Influence of Personal and Contextual Factors on Deposit Patterns"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-6884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"de Gracia Palomera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Estudis Sociol\u00f2gics sobre la Vida Quotidiana i el Treball (QUIT), Institut d\u2019Estudis del Treball. Bellaterra Catalonia Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Departament de Sociologia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35242-35263","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2897729","article-title":"Understanding Institutional Repository in Higher Learning Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review and Directions for Future Research.","volume":"7","author":"S Asadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185-192","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1099","article-title":"Institutional repositories versus ResearchGate: The depositing habits of Spanish researchers.","volume":"30","author":"A Borrego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Learn. 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Librariansh."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:29:09Z","timestamp":1791887349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.160207.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.160207.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.211468.r526091","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.211468.r526091","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176060.r367060, Juan-Jos\u00e9 Bot\u00e9-Vericad, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 06 Mar 2025, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v1#referee-response-367060","order":0,"name":"referee-response-367060","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Daniel de Gracia Palomera<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 25 Sep 2026<\/i>; We thank the reviewer for their careful reading of the manuscript and for their constructive comments, which we address point by point below. We would also like to apologise for the delay in answering to this review, which was due to personal circumstances on the part of this corresponding author.  All changes made to the manuscript are to be included in version 2. We believe these revisions have improved the clarity, reproducibility, and analytical transparency of the paper. They are made in these sections:  \n<b>3. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others?<\/b> We agree that the description of dataset transformations, presented previously only as continuous prose, was difficult to follow. We have therefore added a new Table 1, \u201cSummary of variable transformations used in the analyses\u201d, in the Methods section (Analysis methods), which lists, for every recoded variable used in the bivariate and regression analyses, the source variable(s), the recoding rule applied, and the resulting categories. A short sentence now directs the reader to this table at the point where the transformations are first described. Regarding regression diagnostics, we have re-run the assumption checks for both linear regression models (article deposit index and data deposit index) and added a concise summary of the results to the Methods section. Variance inflation factors were low for all predictors in both models (all VIF &lt; 1.3), indicating no relevant multicollinearity. Residuals in both models showed a positive skew and departed from strict normality (Shapiro-Wilk p &lt; .001) and homoscedasticity (Breusch-Pagan p &lt; .001), which is consistent with the discrete, bounded nature of the two composite indices (ranges 0\u20136). We now state this explicitly and note that, because the complementary logistic regression models (which do not depend on these assumptions) point in the same direction as the linear models, we consider the substantive conclusions robust, while acknowledging that the linear-model coefficients should be interpreted with this caveat in mind.  \n<b>5. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility?<\/b> We have expanded the Data availability section to provide clearer replication guidance. We now explicitly state that users should download the raw survey export (respostes_personal_investigador_2023_04_11.csv) from the CORA repository and apply the archived analysis code, that includes a self-contained script that performs this conversion automatically from the raw file (and all the rest of the steps that allow results reproducibility), so that no manual recoding step or proprietary software is required. To further clarify that, we have also added a sentence to the Extended data paragraph clarifying that the archived Python code (GitHub and Zenodo, DOI 10.5281\/ZENODO.14615980) covers the full analytical pipeline end-to-end \u2014 from the raw survey file to the final regression tables reported in Table 2 \u2014 and does not require SPSS or any other proprietary software to run as they are written in Python, addressing the reviewer\u2019s request to specify whether the code includes all steps needed to replicate the study\u2019s findings.  \n<b>6. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results?<\/b> We have expanded the Discussion in three places, and the Limitations section in one place, to address the specific issues raised by the reviewer: (a) Public institutions and data deposit: we have added a sentence to the \u201cDisciplinary and institutional contexts\u201d subsection noting that formal data-deposit mandates in Spanish public institutions are seldom accompanied by enforcement or monitoring mechanisms, so that compliance depends largely on individual researcher initiative rather than institutional oversight; this may weaken their practical effect relative to some private institutions, where repository use is more directly tied to internal evaluation, accreditation, or funding-renewal procedures. (b) Confounding factors in gender differences: we have added a sentence to the \u201cGender differences\u201d subsection acknowledging that part of the observed gender gap may be confounded by unmeasured factors not captured by the survey instrument, such as seniority, contract type (temporary versus permanent), or caregiving responsibilities, which are known to be unevenly distributed by gender within the Spanish academic system, and we call for future studies to collect this information. (c) Age as a categorical variable: we have added a sentence to the \u201cThe limited influence of age\u201d subsection explicitly discussing how treating age as a four-category ordinal variable, rather than as a continuous measure, reduces statistical power to detect smaller, gradual effects across the life course, and may partly explain the null findings reported for this variable. (d) Limitations: we have expanded the \u201cStrengths and limitations\u201d section to explicitly acknowledge that, because participation was voluntary and all measures were self-reported at a single point in time, the results may be affected by non-response bias and social-desirability bias, and that \u2014 combined with the cross-sectional design \u2014 the reported associations should be interpreted as descriptive of current practice rather than as evidence of causal or temporally ordered relationships.  We hope these revisions, shown in V2 of the article, satisfactorily address the reviewer\u2019s comments, and we thank again for the valuable feedback, which has strengthened the manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2#referee-comment-17260","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-17260","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.176060.r368172, Blanca Rodriguez-Bravo, Department of Library and Information Science, University of Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n, Castile and Le\u00f3n, 18 Mar 2025, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v1#referee-response-368172","order":2,"name":"referee-response-368172","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.211468.r526091, Roxana Cerda-Cosme, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, 13 Oct 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-212\/v2#referee-response-526091","order":3,"name":"referee-response-526091","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This research paper was done under a Juan de la Cierva work contract, reference JDC2022-049149-I, financed by Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n \u2013 Ministerio de Ciencia of the Government of Spain. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}