{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:47:54Z","timestamp":1793422074764,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany","award":["01KI1715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1715"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany","award":["251133687\/GRK 2046, 2112830102\/IRTG2290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251133687\/GRK 2046, 2112830102\/IRTG2290"]}]},{"name":"Robert Koch-Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p><ns4:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/ns4:italic>is an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans.<ns4:italic>T. gondii<\/ns4:italic>can replicate in every nucleated host cell by orchestrating metabolic interactions to derive crucial nutrients. In this review, we summarize the current status of known metabolic interactions of<ns4:italic>T. gondii<\/ns4:italic>with its host cell and discuss open questions and promising experimental approaches that will allow further dissection of the host\u2013parasite interface and discovery of ways to efficiently target both tachyzoite and bradyzoite forms of<ns4:italic>T. gondii<\/ns4:italic>, which are associated with acute and chronic infection, respectively.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16021.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T16:40:06Z","timestamp":1540917606000},"page":"1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Metabolic interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and its host"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Blume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Seeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221-34","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.12","article-title":"Metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogen: sensing, adapting and competing.","volume":"14","author":"A Olive","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00319","article-title":"Amino acids as mediators of metabolic cross talk between host and pathogen.","volume":"9","author":"W Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749-58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.018","article-title":"Parasite sensing of host nutrients and environmental cues.","volume":"23","author":"V Zuzarte-Lu\u00eds","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109-20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.09.003","article-title":"Exploitation of auxotrophies and metabolic defects in Toxoplasma as therapeutic approaches.","volume":"44","author":"I Coppens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351-375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74932-7_9","article-title":"Protozoan parasite auxotrophies and metabolic dependencies.","volume":"109","author":"E Gazanion","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421-458","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74932-7_12","article-title":"Metabolic crosstalk between host and parasitic pathogens.","author":"D Moreira","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783-92","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.12.1783","article-title":"Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii establishes a moving junction that selectively excludes host cell plasma membrane proteins on the basis of their membrane anchoring.","volume":"190","author":"D Mordue","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509-13","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.2.509","article-title":"The parasitophorous vacuole membrane surrounding intracellular Toxoplasma gondii functions as a molecular sieve.","volume":"91","author":"J Schwab","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642-52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.003","article-title":"The Toxoplasma dense granule proteins GRA17 and GRA23 mediate the movement of small molecules between the host and the parasitophorous vacuole.","volume":"17","author":"D Gold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682-92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.013","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism of glucose and glutamine is required for intracellular growth of Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"12","author":"J MacRae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145-51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.11.013","article-title":"Membrane trafficking and remodeling at the host-parasite interface.","volume":"40","author":"J Santi-Rocca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01188-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01188-14","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii ingests and digests host cytosolic proteins.","volume":"5","author":"Z Dou","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006362","article-title":"Host lipid droplets: An important source of lipids salvaged by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"13","author":"S Nolan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261-74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.056","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii sequesters lysosomes from mammalian hosts in the vacuolar space.","volume":"125","author":"I Coppens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00153","article-title":"Transport proteins of parasitic protists and their role in nutrient salvage.","volume":"5","author":"P Dean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00088","article-title":"Targeting channels and transporters in protozoan parasite infections.","volume":"6","author":"A Meier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Chem."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2013.62","article-title":"Metabolic reconstruction identifies strain-specific regulation of virulence in Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"9","author":"C Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004261","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004261","article-title":"Metabolic needs and capabilities of Toxoplasma gondii through combined computational and experimental analysis.","volume":"11","author":"S Tymoshenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423-1435.e12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.019","article-title":"A genome-wide CRISPR screen in Toxoplasma identifies essential apicomplexan genes.","volume":"166","author":"S Sidik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D320-D324","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1068","article-title":"TransportDB 2.0: a database for exploring membrane transporters in sequenced genomes from all domains of life.","volume":"45","author":"L Elbourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12998-3003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903831106","article-title":"Host-derived glucose and its transporter in the obligate intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii are dispensable by glutaminolysis.","volume":"106","author":"M Blume","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126-41","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.624619","article-title":"Metabolic cooperation of glucose and glutamine is essential for the lytic cycle of obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"291","author":"R Nitzsche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908-12","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.908","article-title":"Interferon gamma blocks the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in human fibroblasts by inducing the host cells to degrade tryptophan.","volume":"81","author":"E Pfefferkorn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/306993","article-title":"Characterization of the apicomplexan amino acid transporter (ApiAT) family in Toxoplasma gondii.","author":"K Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323-31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.12.001","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii lacks the enzymes required for de novo arginine biosynthesis and arginine starvation triggers cyst formation.","volume":"34","author":"B Fox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2017.02.018","article-title":"Toxoplasma growth in vitro is dependent on exogenous tyrosine and is independent of AAH2 even in tyrosine-limiting conditions.","volume":"176","author":"N Marino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/339671","article-title":"Phosphorylation of a Toxoplasma gondii tyrosine transporter by calcium-dependent kinase 3 is important for parasite fitness.","author":"B Wallbank","year":"2018","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20811","article-title":"Tracing amino acid exchange during host-pathogen interaction by combined stable-isotope time-resolved Raman spectral imaging.","volume":"6","author":"A Naemat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14455","article-title":"Cationic amino acid transporters play key roles in the survival and transmission of apicomplexan parasites.","volume":"8","author":"E Rajendran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123-30","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2006\/001768-0","article-title":"Divergent polyamine metabolism in the Apicomplexa.","volume":"153","author":"T Cook","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology."},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3342-58","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170703163458","article-title":"Role of polyamines in parasite cell architecture and function.","volume":"23","author":"M Vannier-Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214-22","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601189","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii scavenges host-derived lipoic acid despite its de novo synthesis in the apicoplast.","volume":"25","author":"M Crawford","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31-47","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007779315524","article-title":"Targeting purine and pyrimidine metabolism in human apicomplexan parasites.","volume":"8","author":"J Hyde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets."},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35255-61","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.49.35255","article-title":"The adenosine transporter of Toxoplasma gondii. Identification by insertional mutagenesis, cloning, and recombinant expression.","volume":"274","author":"C Chiang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821-31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00091-2","article-title":"Identification and characterisation of high affinity nucleoside and nucleobase transporters in Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"33","author":"H De Koning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2723-8","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051629998","article-title":"Subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"98","author":"J Jelenska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23208-15","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200455200","article-title":"The carboxyltransferase activity of the apicoplast acetyl-CoA carboxylase of Toxoplasma gondii is the target of aryloxyphenoxypropionate inhibitors.","volume":"277","author":"J Jelenska","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161-228","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(10)81005-6","article-title":"Metabolic pathways in the apicoplast of apicomplexa.","volume":"281","author":"F Seeber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol."},{"key":"ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02357-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02357-14","article-title":"Novel components of the Toxoplasma inner membrane complex revealed by BioID.","volume":"6","author":"A Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2604-E2613","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800717115","article-title":"Host biotin is required for liver stage development in malaria parasites.","volume":"115","author":"T Dellibovi-Ragheb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44-54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.07.006","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii is capable of exogenous folate transport. A likely expansion of the BT1 family of transmembrane proteins.","volume":"144","author":"K Massimine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6412-42","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12512","article-title":"Thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes: from enzymology to metabolic regulation, drug design and disease models.","volume":"280","author":"V Bunik","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36338-50","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.503557","article-title":"Kinetic flux profiling elucidates two independent acetyl-CoA biosynthetic pathways in Plasmodium falciparum.","volume":"288","author":"S Cobbold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6345-53","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02640-14","article-title":"Pantothenic acid biosynthesis in the parasite Toxoplasma gondii: a target for chemotherapy.","volume":"58","author":"S Mageed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488-95","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00553.x","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-activated primary enterocytes inhibit Toxoplasma gondii replication: a role for intracellular iron.","volume":"94","author":"I Dimier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"key":"ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1209-2","article-title":"Transferrin receptor induction in Toxoplasma gondii-infected HFF is associated with increased iron-responsive protein 1 activity and is mediated by secreted factors.","volume":"94","author":"M Gail","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitol Res."},{"key":"ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767-74","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276140119","article-title":"Culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages with mouse serum induces lipid bodies that associate with the parasitophorous vacuole and decrease their microbicidal capacity against Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"109","author":"L Mota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-47","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii-skeletal muscle cells interaction increases lipid droplet biogenesis and positively modulates the production of IL-12, IFN-g and PGE2.","volume":"7","author":"A Gomes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11009-20","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.768176","article-title":"The coccidian parasites Toxoplasma and Neospora dysregulate mammalian lipid droplet biogenesis.","volume":"292","author":"X Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886-897.e4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.018","article-title":"Mitochondria restrict growth of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii by limiting its uptake of fatty acids.","volume":"27","author":"L Pernas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4801-12","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.150524","article-title":"Molecular probes to visualize the location, organization and dynamics of lipids.","volume":"127","author":"M Maekawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001845","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001845","article-title":"Toxoplasma effector MAF1 mediates recruitment of host mitochondria and impacts the host response.","volume":"12","author":"L Pernas","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4957-71","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.310144","article-title":"Apicoplast and endoplasmic reticulum cooperate in fatty acid biosynthesis in apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"287","author":"S Ramakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64-76","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13010","article-title":"The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii depends on the synthesis of long-chain and very long-chain unsaturated fatty acids not supplied by the host cell.","volume":"97","author":"S Ramakrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049-59","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.15.3049","article-title":"Host cells: mobilizable lipid resources for the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"115","author":"A Charron","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16345-53","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501523200","article-title":"Selective disruption of phosphatidylcholine metabolism of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii arrests its growth.","volume":"280","author":"N Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823-35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3139","article-title":"Targeting lipid biosynthesis and salvage in apicomplexan parasites for improved chemotherapies.","volume":"11","author":"I Coppens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974-95","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E12-11-0827","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii salvages sphingolipids from the host Golgi through the rerouting of selected Rab vesicles to the parasitophorous vacuole.","volume":"24","author":"J Romano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell."},{"key":"ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37-50","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-014-0006-7","article-title":"Isoprenoid metabolism in apicomplexan parasites.","volume":"1","author":"L Imlay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep."},{"key":"ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547-59","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110039","article-title":"Apicoplast isoprenoid precursor synthesis and the molecular basis of fosmidomycin resistance in Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"208","author":"S Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30804-16","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703178200","article-title":"The farnesyl-diphosphate\/geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase of Toxoplasma gondii is a bifunctional enzyme and a molecular target of bisphosphonates.","volume":"282","author":"Y Ling","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003665","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii relies on both host and parasite isoprenoids and can be rendered sensitive to atorvastatin.","volume":"9","author":"Z Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355-73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2808-x","article-title":"A latent ability to persist: differentiation in Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"75","author":"V Jeffers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2-17","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12342","article-title":"Withdrawal of skeletal muscle cells from cell cycle progression triggers differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii towards the bradyzoite stage.","volume":"17","author":"I Swierzy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.10.002","article-title":"Primary skeletal muscle cells trigger spontaneous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite conversion at higher rates than fibroblasts.","volume":"299","author":"F Ferreira-da-Silva Mda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441-64","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154237","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis: meeting the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation.","volume":"27","author":"S Lunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947-59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.07.011","article-title":"Host metabolism regulates growth and differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"42","author":"D Weilhammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"key":"ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01155-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01155-15","article-title":"Novel approaches reveal that Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites within tissue cysts are dynamic and replicating entities in vivo.","volume":"6","author":"E Watts","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17096","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.96","article-title":"Toxoplasma depends on lysosomal consumption of autophagosomes for persistent infection.","volume":"2","author":"M Di Cristina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol."},{"key":"ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00347-18","article-title":"Novel approaches to kill Toxoplasma gondii by exploiting the uncontrolled uptake of unsaturated fatty acids and vulnerability to lipid storage inhibition of the parasite.","volume":"62","author":"S Nolan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670-81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.004","article-title":"Regulation of starch stores by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase is essential for viable cyst development in Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"18","author":"A Uboldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6724.1","article-title":"Leishmania carbon metabolism in the macrophage phagolysosome- feast or famine? [version 1; referees: 3 approved].","volume":"4","author":"M McConville","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004683","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004683","article-title":"Characterization of metabolically quiescent Leishmania parasites in murine lesions using heavy water labeling.","volume":"11","author":"J Kloehn","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210-20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.07.008","article-title":"A Toxoplasma gondii gluconeogenic enzyme contributes to robust central carbon metabolism and is essential for replication and virulence.","volume":"18","author":"M Blume","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2983-5","article-title":"Comparative studies of Toxoplasma gondii transcriptomes: insights into stage conversion based on gene expression profiling and alternative splicing.","volume":"11","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-515","article-title":"Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of Toxoplasma gondii expression datasets links cell cycle progression and the bradyzoite developmental program.","volume":"15","author":"M Croken","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"key":"ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8227","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20188227","article-title":"Integrative multi-omics analysis of intestinal organoid differentiation.","volume":"14","author":"R Lindeboom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol."},{"key":"ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00189","article-title":"Hepatic metabolomics investigation in acute and chronic murine toxoplasmosis.","volume":"8","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T22:55:44Z","timestamp":1662332144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"references-count":78,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.16021.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17498.r39575","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.17498.r39574","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17498.r39574, Vernon Carruthers, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Michigan, USA, 30 Oct 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1#referee-response-39574","order":0,"name":"referee-response-39574","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17498.r39575, Anthony P Sinai, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Kentucky, USA, 30 Oct 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1719\/v1#referee-response-39575","order":1,"name":"referee-response-39575","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"MB is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project number 01KI1715 as part of the \u201cResearch Network Zoonotic Infectious Diseases\u201d. FS is a senior member of the Research Training Group 2046 \u201cParasite Infections: From Experimental Models to Natural Systems\u201d and the International Research Training Group (IRTG) 2290 of the Alliance Berlin Canberra \"Crossing Boundaries: Molecular Interactions in Malaria\", funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under project numbers 251133687\/GRK2046 and 2112830102\/IRTG2290, respectively. Both authors are supported by the Robert Koch Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}