{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:04:43Z","timestamp":1790391883288,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548892800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Lumbar spinal stenosis is a degenerative process that is extremely frequent in today\u2019s aging population. It can result in impingement on the nerves of the cauda equina or on the thecal sac itself, and lead to debilitating symptoms such as severe leg pain, or restriction in the perimeter of ambulation, both resulting in dependency in daily activities. The impact of the disease is global and includes financial repercussions because of its involvement in the active work force group. Risk factors for the disease include some comorbidities such as obesity or smoking, daily habits such as an active lifestyle, but also genetic factors that are not completely elucidated yet. The diagnosis of lumbar stenosis can be difficult, and involves a combination of radiological and clinical findings. Treatment ranges from conservative measures with physical therapy and core strengthening, to steroid injections in the facet joints or epidural space, to a more radical solution with surgical decompression. The evidence available in the literature regarding the causes, diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spine stenosis can be confusing, as no level I recommendations can be provided yet based on current data. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive and updated summary to the reader addressing the multiple aspects of this disease.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16082.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T15:10:38Z","timestamp":1548947438000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Current concepts and recent advances in understanding and managing lumbar spine stenosis"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2041-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Bagley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"MacAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Dosselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3499-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah G","family":"Aoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek Y","family":"El Ahmadieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545-50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.03.005","article-title":"Spinal stenosis prevalence and association with symptoms: the Framingham Study.","volume":"9","author":"L Kalichman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.02.656","article-title":"Associations between radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis and clinical symptoms in the general population: the Wakayama Spine Study.","volume":"21","author":"Y Ishimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.06.018","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis and its association with physical performance in a population-based cohort in Japan: the Wakayama Spine Study.","volume":"20","author":"Y Ishimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353-71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2007.01.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for spine pain.","volume":"25","author":"D Rubin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurol Clin."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259-65","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.338","article-title":"Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults.","volume":"303","author":"R Deyo","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543-51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5228-y","article-title":"Association between paraspinal muscle morphology, clinical symptoms and functional status in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.","volume":"26","author":"M Fortin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353-60","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199211000-00015","article-title":"Hypertrophied ligamentum flavum in lumbar spinal canal stenosis. 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