{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:46:48Z","timestamp":1782287208485,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.161111.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.161111.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000}}],"reference-count":38,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the research council. Gant No: RC\/RG-AGR\/ANVS\/21\/01"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns5:p>\n                    Background Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease in Oman. Studies about genetic diversity of\n                    <ns5:italic>Brucella<\/ns5:italic>\n                    are limited in the country. This study aimed to genotype\n                    <ns5:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/ns5:italic>\n                    in human isolates and milk samples using multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA-14) in Oman. Methods MLVA-14 was employed for forty-nine\n                    <ns5:italic>B. melitensis<\/ns5:italic>\n                    recovered from human isolates (n = 21), one goat isolate, and milk samples (n = 27). Results Clustering analysis separated the 49\n                    <ns5:italic>B. melitensis<\/ns5:italic>\n                    strains into two main clusters including 31 genotypes. In Dhofar Governorate, shared genotypes among different animal species were identified; the same genotypes were found also in human isolates. Moreover, there was a close genetic relationship between human and milk sample strains from Dhofar and AD Dakhiliya Governorates. Phylogeography investigated by Minimum Spanning Tree analysis showed that Omani strains belonged to the East Mediterranean lineage and formed a distinct branch with a close relationship with two strains from the United Arab Emirates. Moreover, eight Omani strains genotyped from milk shared the same MLVA profile as strains from Spain, Portugal, China, India, and Turkey. The caprine isolate was an outlier correlated with a big cluster mostly formed by isolates from China with other strains from Portugal, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Mongolia, Marocco, France and Spain. Conclusions This study highlights the zoonotic nature of\n                    <ns5:italic>B. melitensis<\/ns5:italic>\n                    transmission from infected livestock to humans and also its circulation among different animal species. The One Health approach is the way to develop policies and programs for disease surveillance and control.\n                  <\/ns5:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.161111.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T11:49:05Z","timestamp":1780314545000},"page":"191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["East Mediterranean Lineage of Brucella melitensis in Human Isolates and Milk Samples in Oman Using MLVA-14"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-0244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalsa","family":"Altoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Muscat Central Laboratory for Animal Health, Department of Animal Diseases Diagnosis, Oman"},{"name":"Animal & Veterinary Sciences Muscat Muscat Governorate Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakariya","family":"Al Muharrmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology & Immunology Muscat Muscat Governorate Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed","family":"AlMarzooqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal & Veterinary Sciences Muscat Muscat Governorate Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6069-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Al Adwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal & Veterinary Sciences Muscat Muscat Governorate Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaadhia","family":"Al Kharousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal & Veterinary Sciences Muscat Muscat Governorate Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shytyrbayeva","family":"Zamzagul Abdildaevna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Safety Almaty Kazakh National Agrarian Research University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Peletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turin Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0246-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"ElTahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal & Veterinary Sciences Muscat Muscat Governorate Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91-99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6","article-title":"The new global map of human brucellosis.","volume":"6","author":"P Georgios","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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Ahmed","year":"2024","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.28190633"}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:54:08Z","timestamp":1782284048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.161111.3","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.161111.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.161111.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.201344.r491664","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.201344.r491664","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.177103.r388868, Md. Sadequl Islam, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 14 Jun 2025, version 1, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v1#referee-response-388868","order":0,"name":"referee-response-388868","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.196492.r469956, AbdulHamid Settenda Lukambagire, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, 10 Apr 2026, version 2, 2 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v2#referee-response-469956","order":1,"name":"referee-response-469956","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Yasmin ElTahir<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 10 May 2026<\/i>; \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> I feel there is too much detail in the ethical considerations, for instance this statement is unnecessary ... &quot;The modifications received by the Committee on 3rd May 2023 in response to the comments raised during the 30th March 2023 meeting were found to be satisfactory. The Committee has considered the research project acceptable and therefore approval was granted.&quot; \n<b>Response:<\/b> We thank the reviewer for this observation. We have shortened the ethical considerations section by removing overly detailed procedural descriptions (e.g., internal committee review steps) and retained only the essential information required by the journal format. In addition, redundant ethical statements previously repeated in the Conclusions have been removed and consolidated into a concise Ethics Statement. Reviewer comment:  \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> For Fig 1\u2026 redesign as a flow diagram\u2026 difficult to follow \n<b>Response:<\/b> We agree with the reviewer. Figure 1 has been redesigned as a clearer step-wise workflow diagram to improve readability and better represent the sequence of sampling, testing, and MLVA analysis.  \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> Provide a table\/summary of sample types and results \n<b>Response:<\/b> We thank the reviewer for this suggestion. A summary table describing the different sample types, number of samples, and key results has been added as Supplementary Material (Table S1).  \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> How did the authors account for low DNA yield from milk? \n<b>Response:<\/b> We thank the reviewer for this important point. We have clarified this aspect in the Discussion section. In particular, we highlight that: (i) direct DNA extraction from milk may result in lower DNA yield and quality, (ii) the presence of PCR inhibitors in milk can affect amplification efficiency, and (iii) this limitation contributed to missing loci in some samples, which led us to adopt MLVA-14 instead of MLVA-16. These limitations are now explicitly discussed.  \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> A map of sampling locations would be useful \n<b>Response:<\/b> We agree with the reviewer. A map showing the sampling locations has been added as a new figure (Figure X \/ Supplementary Figure S1) to provide geographic context.  \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> Discussion difficult to follow; unclear take-home messages \n<b>Response:<\/b> We thank the reviewer for this insightful comment. The Discussion has been substantially revised to improve clarity and structure. In particular:  key findings are now explicitly stated at the beginning of each paragraph; a clear \u201ctake-home message\u201d has been added regarding the identification of two main clusters (one relatively conserved and one more variable); a dedicated paragraph summarizing study limitations has been introduced before the Conclusions.   \n<b>Reviewer comment:<\/b> Ethical language repeated in conclusions \n<b>Response:<\/b> We agree with the reviewer. Redundant ethical statements have been removed from the Conclusions and replaced with a concise Ethics Statement in accordance with the journal format.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3#referee-comment-16173","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-16173","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.201344.r491664, Adel MAMMERI, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of M\u2019sila, M\u2019Sila, 24 Jun 2026, version 3, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-191\/v3#referee-response-491664","order":3,"name":"referee-response-491664","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This study was supported by the research council (RC\/RG-AGR\/ANVS\/21\/01). The funders had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analyses, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}