{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T20:07:07Z","timestamp":1772309227870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003971","name":"Islamic Development Bank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universitas Mulawarman"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Diphtheria remains a health problem, especially in developing countries. In November 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that there was a diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that experienced this disease outbreak. This study analyzes the risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    A case-control study was conducted on 37 respondents. Research variables consist of immunization status against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), nutritional status, children mobility, source of transmission, physical home environment (natural lighting, ventilation area, occupancy density, wall and floor type), knowledge of diphtheria and attitudes towards the diphtheria prevention program.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    We found that the most of the children who had diphtheria had been immunized against DPT. Additionally the nutritional status of children (p=0.049), mobility (p=0.000) and the source of transmission (p=0.020) were significantly associated with diphtheria.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Child\/parent mobility (OR=8.456) is the main risk factor for diphtheria outbreak. It is recommended to limit the mobility of children to travel to areas that are experiencing increased cases of diphtheria, improve the nutritional status, and further research on the effectiveness of diphtheria vaccine.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16433.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T09:17:45Z","timestamp":1539163065000},"page":"1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk factors for diphtheria outbreak in children aged 1-10 years in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1490-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwan","family":"Muhamad Ramdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahmi","family":"Susanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riza Hayati","family":"Ifroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reny","family":"Noviasty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Diptheria Reported Case","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref-2","article-title":"Situasi Imunisasi di Indonesia (Immunization situation in Indonesia)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref-3","article-title":"Imunisasi Efektif Cegah Dipteri (Effective Immunization can Prevent Diphtheria)"},{"key":"ref-4","first-page":"107-118","article-title":"Corynebacterium diphtheriae","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164-5","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.84141","article-title":"Persistence of diphtheria in India.","volume":"36","author":"M Murhekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S184-S187","DOI":"10.1086\/315562","article-title":"Diphtheria toxoid vaccine effectiveness: A case-control study in Russia.","volume":"181 Suppl 1","author":"K Bisgard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121749","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121749","article-title":"Diphtheria in Lao PDR: Insufficient Coverage or Ineffective Vaccine?","volume":"10","author":"N Nanthavong","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8141-8146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.09.088","article-title":"Endemic diphtheria in Ho Chi Minh City; 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17956.r39315, Soedjajadi Keman, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, 19 Oct 2018, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1625\/v1#referee-response-39315","order":0,"name":"referee-response-39315","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17956.r42801, Yves Buisson, Institut de la Francophonie pour la M\u00e9decine Tropicale (IFMT), Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 06 Nov 2019, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1625\/v1#referee-response-42801","order":1,"name":"referee-response-42801","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This work was supported by Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Development of Four Higher Education Institution, Project Implementation unit of Mulawarman University of Indonesia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}