{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:57:36Z","timestamp":1776275856496,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16454.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000}}],"reference-count":48,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015090","name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017-376-IRMC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-376-IRMC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Cases of the re-emergence of Zika virus in 2015 were associated with severe neurologic complications, including Gillien-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital Zika syndrome in newborns. The major structural determinant of immunity to the Zika virus is the E protein. Although B-cell epitopes of Zika E protein were recently identified, data regarding epitope variations among Zika strains in pre-epidemic and epidemic periods are lacking.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Here, we conducted systematic bioinformatics analyses of Zika strains isolated between 1968 and 2017. Multiple sequence alignment of E protein as well as B-cell epitopes annotations were performed. In addition, homology-based approach was utilized to construct three-dimensional structures of monomeric E glycoproteins to annotate epitope variations. Lastly, prediction of of\n                    <ns4:italic>N<\/ns4:italic>\n                    -glycosylation patterns and prediction of protein stability upon mutations were also investigated.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Our analyses indicates that epitopes recognized by human mAbs ZIKV-117, ZIKV-15, and ZIKV-19 were highly conserved, suggesting as attractive targets for the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics directed against diverse Zika strains. In addition, the epitope recognized by ZIKV-E-2A10G6 mAb derived from immunized mice was mostly conserved across Zika strains.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Our data provide new insights regarding antigenic similarities between Zika strains circulating worldwide. These data are essential for understanding the impact of evolution on antigenic cross-reactivity between Zika lineages and strains. Further\n                    <ns4:italic>in-vitro<\/ns4:italic>\n                    analyses are needed to determine how mutationsat predefined epitopes\u00a0could impact the development of vaccines that can effectively neutralize Zika viruses.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16454.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T04:55:18Z","timestamp":1561611318000},"page":"1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Large-scale analysis of B-cell epitopes of envelope: Implications for Zika vaccine and immunotherapeutic development"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8193-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Almansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6754-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahaf","family":"Alfares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halah","family":"Aljofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687-696","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-006-0903-z","article-title":"Full-length sequencing and genomic characterization of Bagaza, Kedougou, and Zika viruses.","volume":"152","author":"G Kuno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Virol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23-61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)59002-9","article-title":"Molecular biology of flaviviruses.","volume":"59","author":"B Lindenbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509-520","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(52)90042-4","article-title":"Zika virus. 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.21556.r50488, Meirong Jia, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA, 01 Jul 2019, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1624\/v2#referee-response-50488","order":0,"name":"referee-response-50488","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.17985.r42684, Sunil K Joshi, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA, 21 May 2019, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1624\/v1#referee-response-42684","order":1,"name":"referee-response-42684","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The research was supported by Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University [DSR 2017-376-IRMC]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}