{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:24:13Z","timestamp":1787318653854,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"The One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, environmental, and plant health, is Crucial for addressing complex public health challenges in Ethiopia. It addresses zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and ecological degradation. These issues have increased the national burden alongside efforts for infectious disease prevention and control. However, effective implementation relies on communication strategies that are participatory, context-specific, and responsive to local realities. This paper presents a bottom-up communication framework designed to enhance local ownership, strengthen multisectoral collaboration, and align policy with community needs. The proposed approach emphasizes inclusive stakeholder engagement, the capacity-building of frontline actors, and the establishment of continuous feedback loops connecting community, district, and national levels to ensure the adaptive and sustainable implementation of One Health in Ethiopia.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.166948.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T11:10:08Z","timestamp":1759144208000},"page":"866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bottom-Up Communication Approach for Effective Implementation of the One Health Initiative in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6950-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadesse Shiferaw","family":"Chekol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Addis Ababa Addis Ababa 1005 Armauer Hansen Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Degie","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Counseling Addis Ababa Addis Ababa 1234 Federal Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metasebia Tegegn","family":"Baheru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Addis Ababa Addis Ababa 9086 Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131-135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2016.09.001","article-title":"Prioritizing zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia using a One Health approach.","volume":"2","author":"T Jibat","year":"2016","journal-title":"One Health."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51-60","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.38.1.2950","article-title":"One Health collaborations for zoonotic disease control in Ethiopia.","volume":"38","author":"S Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Towards a science of global health delivery: a socio-anthropological framework for the evaluation of One Health activities.","author":"K Bardosh","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006537"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0012067","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012067","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice of anthrax and brucellosis: implications for zoonotic disease surveillance and control in pastoral communities of Afar and Somali region, Ethiopia.","volume":"18","author":"R Tschopp","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Review on Community-Based Animal Health Workers in Ethiopia.","author":"M Fedlu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj-oh.2022.9.9.36743","article-title":"Integration of surveillance of priority zoonotic diseases into the existing polio eradication program in Ethiopia: processes, opportunities, successes, and challenges.","volume":"9","author":"M Alemu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PAMJ - One Health."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104-115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.02.003","article-title":"Community-based surveillance for infectious diseases: new opportunities and challenges.","volume":"165","author":"J Mariner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/onehealthcases.2024.0012","article-title":"Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa: Experiences and Implications in Ethiopia.","author":"Y Tadesse","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health Cases."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Implementing a One Health approach to strengthen the management of zoonoses in Ethiopia.","author":"N Nyokabi","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.10052"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Community engagement and accountability in public health emergencies: Lessons from the COVID-19 response in Ethiopia.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.17.25324158v1.full.pdf"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.166948.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000}}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:54:08Z","timestamp":1775451248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.166948.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184007.r413067","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184007.r456137","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184007.r413067","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184007.r456137","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-version-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.166948.2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Approved with reservations, Approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.184007.r413067, Chinenyenwa M. D. Ohia, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 29 Sep 2025, version 1, 2 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1#referee-response-413067","order":0,"name":"referee-response-413067","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Tadesse Shiferaw Chekol<\/b>; \nPosted: 09 Mar 2026<\/i>; \nPoint-by-Point Response to Reviewer; For Reviewer 1<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 1:<\/b> \u201cThe manuscript cites relevant documents and examples but gives no clear explanation of how the literature was selected.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> We thank the reviewer for highlighting the need for greater transparency regarding literature selection. We have now added a short subsection in the Introduction describing the narrative review approach used to identify relevant literature, including searches of international One Health frameworks, Ethiopian national policy documents, and peer-reviewed literature. \nReviewer Comment 2:<\/b> \u201cSeveral factual claims lack precise citations, particularly statements about pilot activities (e.g., Jigjiga University pilot) and integration of zoonotic surveillance into polio programs.\u201d \nResponse: <\/b> We appreciate this important observation. We have reviewed the manuscript and added additional references to support statements related to pilot activities, participatory surveillance initiatives, and integration of zoonotic disease surveillance into existing health programs. We also updated temporally sensitive statements, such as references to emerging diseases by adding dates and appropriate citations. \nReviewer Comment 3:<\/b> \u201cEquity, gender, and sociocultural factors are insufficiently addressed.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> We agree that equity and inclusion are essential components of effective bottom-up communication. We have added a new paragraph discussing gender dynamics, participation of marginalized pastoral communities, linguistic diversity, literacy barriers, and mechanisms to ensure inclusive representation in One Health Community Dialogues (OHCDs). \nReviewer Comment 4:<\/b> \u201cLanguage and structure require improvement; avoid repetition and shorten long paragraphs.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> We carefully edited the manuscript for language clarity and readability. Several long paragraphs were shortened, redundant statements were removed, and grammar was revised throughout the manuscript. \nReviewer Comment 5:<\/b> \u201cThe manuscript sometimes reads as if the framework has been proven effective. The tone should be more cautious.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> We agree with this suggestion. The manuscript has been revised to clarify that the proposed framework is conceptual and policy-oriented rather than empirically validated. Statements implying proven effectiveness were modified to emphasize the framework\u2019s potential utility and need for empirical evaluation. \nReviewer Comment 6:<\/b> \u201cAdd a limitation section discussing limitations of the topic.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> A new Limitations subsection has been added to acknowledge that the framework is conceptual and that empirical validation, operational testing, and evaluation of communication outcomes are required. \nReviewer Comment 7:<\/b> \u201cConsider adding a table or infographic summarizing the framework.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> We appreciate this helpful suggestion. A new table summarizing the proposed bottom-up communication framework, including its components, operational entry points, and potential monitoring indicators, has been added to enhance clarity and practical application.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1#referee-comment-15610","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-15610","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.184007.r456137, Md Jisan Ahmed, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, 05 Mar 2026, version 1, 2 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1#referee-response-456137","order":2,"name":"referee-response-456137","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Tadesse Shiferaw Chekol<\/b>; \nPosted: 09 Mar 2026<\/i>; \nPoint-by-Point Response to Reviewer; For Reviewer 2<\/u><\/b> We sincerely thank the reviewer for the constructive and detailed comments. We have revised the manuscript substantially to clarify the conceptual approach, strengthen the analytical framing, incorporate Ethiopia-specific examples, and improve the overall clarity and scientific rigor. All revisions are indicated using Track Changes in the revised manuscript. Below, we respond to each comment. \nSection: Introduction<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 1:<\/b> \u201cThe introduction does not clearly identify the implementation gap.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> We appreciate this observation. The introduction has been revised to explicitly state the implementation gap, namely the insufficient integration of community-level communication channels into Ethiopia\u2019s One Health governance structure. The revised text clarifies that the paper proposes a bottom-up communication framework to address this gap. \nReviewer Comment 2:<\/b> \u201cUnclear whether the manuscript is conceptual or evidence-based.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> The manuscript now clearly states that it is a conceptual and policy-oriented analysis informed by a narrative review of literature and policy documents. \nReviewer Comment 3:<\/b> \u201cNeed Ethiopia-specific examples.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> Examples of communication bottlenecks within Ethiopia\u2019s surveillance and reporting structures have been added. \nReviewer Comment 4:<\/b> \u201cLack of theoretical framework.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> The revised manuscript now references participatory governance and decentralized health system frameworks. \nReviewer Comment 5:<\/b> \u201cEthiopian examples need synthesis.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> A synthesis paragraph has been added summarizing lessons from Ethiopian experiences. \nReviewer Comment 6:<\/b> \u201cMpox reference lacks context.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> The Mpox statement now includes epidemiological context. \nReviewer Comment 7:<\/b> \u201cOperational levels unclear.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> The operational levels of the framework have now been defined. \nSection: Rationale for Bottom-Up Communication in One Health<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 8:<\/b> \u201cThe initial communication definition is generic and repetitive. Focus more on Ethiopia-specific challenges.\u201d \nResponse <\/b> Thank you for this comment. The opening paragraph of this section has been revised to reduce generic discussion and focus more specifically on communication challenges within Ethiopia\u2019s One Health governance and surveillance systems. \nReviewer Comment 9:<\/b> \u201cInclude empirical examples from Ethiopian One Health initiatives.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> Examples from Ethiopian multisectoral collaboration and community-based surveillance have been incorporated to strengthen the empirical basis of the discussion. \nReviewer Comment 10:<\/b> \u201cGround the rationale in participatory governance or decentralization frameworks.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> Relevant theoretical frameworks on participatory governance and decentralized health systems have now been incorporated. \nReviewer Comment 11:<\/b> \u201cStatements on trust-building and compliance need citation support.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> The manuscript now includes supporting evidence from the literature on community engagement and risk communication. \nReviewer Comment 12:<\/b> \u201cLocal actors underrepresented in surveillance systems require elaboration.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> The manuscript now explains structural barriers that limit the participation of local actors in formal surveillance systems. \nSection: Institutional Considerations and Policy Alignment<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 13:<\/b> \u201cReasons for fragmentation are not explored.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> The revised manuscript now explains political, administrative, and financial factors contributing to fragmented coordination. \nReviewer Comment 14:<\/b> \u201cLimitations of the Health Extension Program should be acknowledged.\u201d \nResponse<\/b> A paragraph acknowledging operational challenges has been added. \nReviewer Comment 15:<\/b> \u201cProposed teams lack structural details.\u201d \nResponse: <\/b>The manuscript now clarifies institutional structure and accountability. \nSection: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 16:<\/b> \u201cChallenges not prioritized.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> Challenges are now categorized into structural, operational, and resource-related constraints. \nReviewer Comment 17:<\/b> \u201cInfrastructure gaps and workforce shortages need stronger backing.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> Supporting evidence and explanation have been added. \nReviewer Comment 18:<\/b> \u201cSolutions appear overly ambitious.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> Phased implementation and sustainability considerations are now discussed. \nSection: Bottom-Up Communication Framework<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 19:<\/b> \u201cFramework too text-heavy.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> A summary table has been added. \nSection: Hierarchies for Bottom-Up Communication<\/u><\/b> \nReviewer Comment 20\u201324 together:<\/b> Hierarchy discussion needs deeper analysis. \nResponse:<\/b> Additional discussion of feedback loops and governance challenges has been added. \nReviewer Comment 25:<\/b> \u201cConclusion lacks limitations.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> A limitations paragraph has been added. \nReviewer Comment 26\u201330:<\/b> \u201cRecommendations need prioritization.\u201d \nResponse:<\/b> Recommendations have been reorganized into phased actions in the revised version of the manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-866\/v1#referee-comment-15611","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-15611","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}