{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T09:44:04Z","timestamp":1793785444923,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, KSA","award":["NBU-FFR-2025-2975-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBU-FFR-2025-2975-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Dietary behaviours influence obesity and chronic disease. In Saudi Arabia, Westernised diets and sedentary lifestyles have driven rising obesity. This study explores generational dietary patterns to inform Saudi Vision 2030 planning. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1,153 individuals was conducted in Saudi Arabia. These participants came from three generations: Generation X (born 1965\u20131980), Generation Y (born 1981\u20131996), and Generation Z (born 1997\u20132012). Participants were recruited via digital platforms (social media, email lists, and university networks). They also completed a validated, self-administered online questionnaire that captured 24-hour dietary recall, food-choice determinants, and relevant lifestyle factors. All data were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 and considered significant at p values &lt; 0.05. Results Generational differences were statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). For Generation Z, 34.1% reported consuming soft drinks more than three times weekly, compared to 6.4% for Generation X and 20.8% for Generation Y. Generation Z also had the lowest intake of fruits (only 4.8% reported \u22653 servings per day) and vegetables (8.4% met \u22653 servings per day). These individuals were more influenced by peers, taste (60.6%), and price (10.5%) than by nutrition. Conversely, Generations X and Y prioritised long-term health (69.5% and 38.9%, respectively) and nutritional value (71.1% and 38.5%, respectively). Gen Z favoured restaurant dining (40.3%), showed higher peer influence (63.2%), and more frequent meal skipping (88.3%). Furthermore, favourable nutritional intake, including water and fruits\/vegetables, declined across generations, with Gen Z consuming more soft drinks (59.2%) and snacks (51.6%) than Gen X. Conclusions Generational dietary differences in Saudi Arabia reflect global and local shifts. Targeted public health strategies, digital interventions addressing affordability and appearance for Gen Z, and reinforced traditional education for Gen X\/Y are essential. These insights support school and community nutrition policies aligned with Saudi Vision 2030.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.167810.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:55:07Z","timestamp":1756828507000},"page":"858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Generational Differences in Dietary Behaviours: A Cross-Sectional Study of Generations X, Y, and Z"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8759-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasser S","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saja","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Almuhayd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethar","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenan","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-5","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8073057","article-title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Obesity and Overweight among Adults Visiting Primary Care Settings in the Southwestern Region, Saudi Arabia.","volume":"2019","author":"A Al-Qahtani","year":"2019 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"Biomed. 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Food Sci."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071592","article-title":"Nutritional Behaviors of Polish Adolescents: Results of the Wise Nutrition\u2014Healthy Generation Project.","volume":"11","author":"J Myszkowska-Ryciak","year":"2019 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11785","DOI":"10.2196\/11785","article-title":"The Development of an Arabic Weight-Loss App Akser Waznk: Qualitative Results.","volume":"3","author":"R Alturki","year":"2019 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20-26","DOI":"10.62872\/wbvr6e27","article-title":"Nutrition for Generation Z: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Diets.","volume":"1","author":"S Azmi","year":"2024 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132431","article-title":"Generational Differences: A Comparison of Weight-Related Cognitions and Behaviors of Generation X and Millennial Mothers of Preschool Children.","volume":"16","author":"R Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13040521","article-title":"Generational Differences in Food Choices and Consumer Behaviors in the Context of Sustainable Development.","volume":"13","author":"M Makowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4451","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204451","article-title":"Generational Differences in Food Consumption among Chinese Adults of Different Ages.","volume":"15","author":"L Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26488","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v59.26488","article-title":"Trends of Fast Food Consumption Among Adolescent and Young Adult Saudi Girls Living in Riyadh.","volume":"59","author":"N Al Faris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153-167","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2018.51.2.153","article-title":"The Differences of Dietary Behaviors, Dietary Life Consumer Education Related Current Situations \u00b7 Competencies and Dietary Lifestyles Between Baby-Boom and Echo Generations.","volume":"51","author":"J Park","year":"2018 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187-193","DOI":"10.4103\/sjhs.sjhs_81_24","article-title":"A Review of Dietary Behaviors Among College Students in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"13","author":"M Alshehri","year":"2024 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"Saudi J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124051","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1124051","article-title":"Obesity Prevalence, Physical Activity, and Dietary Practices Among Adults in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"11","author":"S Alsulami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075-1081","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016003141","article-title":"Diet in Saudi Arabia: Findings From a Nationally Representative Survey.","volume":"20","author":"M Moradi-Lakeh","year":"2017 cited 2025 Jun 29","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238458","article-title":"The Association of Dietary Behaviors and Practices with Overweight and Obesity Parameters Among Saudi University Students.","volume":"15","author":"N Syed","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.16673563","author":"N Alqahtani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zenodo."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T12:10:08Z","timestamp":1758543008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.167810.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184953.r412978","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184953.r412981","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184953.r412978","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.184953.r412981","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.184953.r412981, Nawaf Alruwaili, King Saud University, Riyadh, 17 Sep 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1#referee-response-412981","order":0,"name":"referee-response-412981","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.184953.r412978, Saeed Soliman, Cairo University, Cairo, 22 Sep 2025, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-858\/v1#referee-response-412978","order":1,"name":"referee-response-412978","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}