{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:28:44Z","timestamp":1793132924964,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.169272.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000}}],"reference-count":38,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Corporate Political Activity (CPA) has gained growing academic attention as a non-market strategy for influencing policy, reducing uncertainty, and enhancing firm-level outcomes. However, existing studies remain fragmented, often confined to single industries, regions, or political mechanisms, with limited cross-country comparisons and minimal exploration of digital political engagement. Moreover, no recent comprehensive synthesis has captured post-2020 developments across diverse institutional and industrial contexts, leaving gaps in understanding the broader patterns and boundary conditions of CPA effectiveness. Methods This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of peer-reviewed empirical articles published between 2020 and 2025, guided by the PRISMA framework. Articles were systematically identified, screened, and synthesized from the Scopus database. Out of 589 initial articles, 20 met the inclusion criteria. Results The findings show that CPA is primarily positioned as an independent variable affecting performance, innovation, and competitiveness. While CPA frequently generates positive outcomes, risks such as agency problems, reputational damage, and bribery emerge in weak governance environments. The review also reveals that integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with CPA strengthens legitimacy and strategic impact, particularly in politically volatile contexts. Conclusions Theoretically, this study contributes by mapping empirical trends, clarifying contextual boundary conditions, and proposing an integrated conceptual framework that bridges resource-based and institutional perspectives on CPA. Practically, it offers guidelines for aligning political engagement with ethical governance, enabling firms to leverage CPA\u2013CSR integration to navigate complex institutional environments while maintaining legitimacy and stakeholder trust.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.169272.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:24:09Z","timestamp":1776417849000},"page":"1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Corporate Political Activity in Shaping Organizational Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6748-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumanggar Milton","family":"Pakpahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Jakarta Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 - Jakarta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6904-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benny","family":"Hutahayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malang Universitas Brawijaya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360-2378","DOI":"10.1108\/JBIM-03-2022-0119","article-title":"Market-based organizational learning, pricing capability and business performance: the moderating effects of coordination mechanism and environmental dynamism.","volume":"38","author":"P Ranjan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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Examining corporate climate change communication strategies, motives, and effects on consumer outcomes.","volume":"14","author":"R Vasquez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.29898380.v3","article-title":"Data Systematic Literature Review Corporate Political Activity.","author":"S Pakpahan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T08:14:15Z","timestamp":1779869655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.169272.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.169272.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.198371.r475973","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.198371.r475973","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.198371.r475973, Heap Yih (John) Chong, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, 24 Apr 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2#referee-response-475973","order":0,"name":"referee-response-475973","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.186570.r429867, Daniel J Fiorino, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, 11 Dec 2025, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v1#referee-response-429867","order":1,"name":"referee-response-429867","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Sumanggar Milton Pakpahan<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 02 Apr 2026<\/i>; This is a valuable and professional article and should be indexed. The presentation was clear and capable. The article makes good use of the literature and presents the context well. The discussion of the methods is clear and accessible. The conclusions are explained clearly, and the reservations are noted. Corporate political activity is more effective if it is grounded in a strategy based on Corporate Social Responsibility. \n<b>Author response: <\/b>Thank you for your positive and constructive assessment. We appreciate your recognition of the article\u2019s clarity, methodological presentation, engagement with the literature, and overall contribution. We also value your observation that corporate political activity is more effective when grounded in a Corporate Social Responsibility-based strategy, which is consistent with the central synthesis and conclusions of this review.  The only thoughts I would add--these are not a requirement for indexing but suggestions if the authors do any revisions-are that some attention be given to the role of third-party auditing in establishing the credibility of CSR strategies and reports and that there be slightly more discussion of areas for future research. But this is a capable review with a thorough and nuanced discussion of findings and implications. It may be indexed in its current form. \n<b>Author response:<\/b> Thank you for this constructive and encouraging comment. We appreciate your suggestion regarding the role of third-party auditing in strengthening the credibility of CSR strategies and reports, as well as your recommendation to expand the discussion of future research. In response, we have added a clarifying discussion in the CSR section to emphasize the importance of credible external verification for reinforcing legitimacy. We have also expanded the future research discussion in the conclusion section, particularly by outlining directions related to digital political engagement, cross-border CPA strategies, and quantitative hypothesis-driven research based on the synthesized conceptual framework.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/14-1046\/v2#referee-comment-15855","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-15855","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}