{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:16:15Z","timestamp":1791288975909,"version":"4.3.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16997.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000}}],"reference-count":17,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Introduction<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : Breast cancer is well known as the stereotypical women's cancer, and prostate cancer represents the well-known stereotypical male counterpart. While prostate cancer carries the potential to metastasize to the breast, the synchronous or metachronous co-occurrence of primary breast and primary prostate cancers is quite unusual. Prostate cancer in men of African descent may have its own behaviour with regards to its relationship with male breast cancer.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Case presentation:<\/ns4:bold>\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Case 1: A 64 year old male presented to Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBAH) with a 2 years history of a painless left breast lump. A core biopsy was done and confirmed breast carcinoma. Tamoxifen was started but, due to disease progression, he underwent left modified radical mastectomy followed by chemotherapy. Prostate biopsy was done for raised Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and suspicious prostate on digital rectal examination. A prostatic adenocarcinoma was subsequently diagnosed with bone metastases on bone scan. He was started on Androgen deprivation therapy and followed up every 3 months.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>Case 2: A 68 year old male presented to CHBAH with a 1 year history of a painless right breast lump. A core biopsy confirmed breast cancer. Tamoxifen was started, followed by right modified radical mastectomy and chemotherapy for disease progression. A raised PSA and suspicious prostate on digital rectal examination prompted a prostate biopsy revealing a prostatic adenocarcinoma. Bone scan was negative for metastasis. He is currently on 3 monthly Androgen deprivation therapy and awaiting radiation.<\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusion<\/ns4:bold>\n                    : This clinical practice article not only presents this exceptionally rare duality but highlights that both cancers can coexist either as sporadic conditions, or as a result of genetic mutations. Thus, we suggest that men with prostate cancer be screened clinically, biochemically and genetically for breast cancer and vice versa.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16997.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T11:46:31Z","timestamp":1551181591000},"page":"1825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metachronous or synchronous male breast and prostate cancers a duality to lookout for."],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3397-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain Mwamba","family":"Mukendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Van Den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugeshnee","family":"Pather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushen Siva","family":"Padayachee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188-190","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyd050","article-title":"Bilateral male breast cancer and prostate cancer: a case report.","volume":"30","author":"A Ozet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-2","first-page":"689-96","article-title":"[Breast cancer in men: incidence and types of associated previous synchronous and metachronous cancers].","volume":"79","author":"B Cutuli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull 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Lecarpentier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377-381","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.2.377","article-title":"Prostate Cancer in a Patient with a Family History of BRCA Mutation: a Case Report and Literature Review.","volume":"32","author":"W Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676-83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00219-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostate cancer: molecular and environmental clues.","volume":"48","author":"K Pienta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urology."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69-71","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.018291","article-title":"Expression of prostate specific antigen in male breast cancer.","volume":"58","author":"P Carder","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin 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risk.","volume":"28","author":"D Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3640-7","article-title":"Descriptive characteristics of prostate cancer in patients with a history of primary male breast cancer - a SEER analysis.","volume":"17","author":"N Abhyankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.18583.r40909, Pankaj Joshi, Centre for Reconstructive Urology, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 04 Dec 2018, version 1, 2 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1825\/v1#referee-response-40909","order":0,"name":"referee-response-40909","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Alain Mwamba Mukendi<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 04 Dec 2018<\/i>; Thank you for your review. I am not sure if you could access the entire article most of the points raised have their answers in the article. All the PSA, Gleason scores etc. Are under case presentation. The role of BRCA was also highlighted under the discussion. Both breast malignancies were ductal as shown in figures 3 and 5. We will on the next version specify that for the first case.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1825\/v2#referee-comment-4277","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-4277","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.20122.r44974, Bannakij Lojanapiwat, Department of Surgery, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 18 Mar 2019, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1825\/v2#referee-response-44974","order":2,"name":"referee-response-44974","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.20122.r50324, Celestin Nzanzu Mudogo, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 08 Jul 2019, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/7-1825\/v2#referee-response-50324","order":3,"name":"referee-response-50324","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}