{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:07:34Z","timestamp":1783919254273,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns5:p>Purpose Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9)\u2014which promotes resilient infrastructure, inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and innovation\u2014is central to global economic, social, and environmental progress. This study investigates the implementation of SDG 9 across 120 countries using an integrative Theory\u2013Context\u2013Characteristics\u2013Methodology (TCCM) framework. Design\/methodology\/approach The TCCM framework synthesizes sustainable development theory, innovation diffusion models, infrastructure resilience concepts, and industrial ecology principles to examine interdependencies among infrastructure quality, technological innovation, and institutional capacity. A mixed-methods design combines panel regression and difference-in-differences analyses with qualitative interviews involving policymakers and industry leaders from high-, medium-, and low-performing countries. Findings Quantitative analysis demonstrates that governance quality, research and development investment, and digital connectivity significantly influence infrastructure and innovation outcomes. Qualitative insights highlight institutional capacity as a key moderating factor shaping policy effectiveness and resource allocation. Results reveal reciprocal feedback loops: improved infrastructure enhances innovation diffusion, while technological progress reinforces system resilience. Sectoral and regional comparisons show that high-income economies display mature infrastructure\u2013innovation linkages, whereas low-income countries struggle with governance and financing constraints. Energy and manufacturing sectors lead in eco-efficiency through circular economy adoption, while transport systems lag in rural connectivity. Originality\/value This study contributes a comprehensive analytical model that integrates theoretical and empirical perspectives on sustainable industrialization. The TCCM framework unifies diverse literature streams and offers a practical tool for assessing SDG 9 progress. Practical implications Policy recommendations include the establishment of resilient infrastructure standards, promotion of digital inclusion, strengthening of public\u2013private partnerships, and enhancement of institutional capacity. The framework provides a replicable approach for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers seeking to accelerate sustainable industrialization and innovation aligned with the 2030 Agenda.<\/ns5:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.172412.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:54:07Z","timestamp":1774526047000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure for Sustainable Development: A TCCM Framework Analysis of SDG 9 Implementation"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9003-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avnish","family":"Vijay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDOE Jaipur Rajasthan Manipal University Jaipur"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7138-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilpi","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDOE Jaipur Rajasthan Manipal University Jaipur"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473915480","author":"P Bazeley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qualitative data analysis with NVivo."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122693","article-title":"Assessing regional implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure.","volume":"194","author":"J Brodny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506335193","author":"J Creswell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.17491768","article-title":"SDG 9 TCCM Framework Dataset and Supplementary Materials for Integrating Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure for Sustainable Development.","author":"S Chakravarty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zenodo."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136476","article-title":"A critical review of SDG 9 research: Progress, gaps and future directions.","volume":"389","author":"A Gasparatos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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Manag."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012-1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-023-01159-0","article-title":"Mapping synergies and trade-offs across energy transitions and sustainable development for the 2030 Agenda.","volume":"8","author":"F Nerini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Energy."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830-858","DOI":"10.1108\/IMR-10-2018-0280","article-title":"Gradual internationalization vs born-global\/international new venture models: A review and research agenda.","volume":"36","author":"J Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Mark. 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