{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:53:17Z","timestamp":1791499997998,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains unclear. In order to develop effective treatment strategies, a deeper understanding of pathophysiology is needed. This is impaired by multiple small studies with inconsistent methodologies and the impact of co-occurring pro-inflammatory conditions such as smoking and obesity.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    This systematic review aimed to collate all published reports of cytokine studies in tissue, blood, serum and exudate. It was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number\u00a0CRD42018104664) performed in line with the PRISMA checklist.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    19 studies were identified comprising 564 individual HS patients and 198 control patients examining 81 discrete cytokines. Methodology was highly varied and the quality of studies was generally low. There was a large degree of variance between the measured levels of cytokines. 78.2% of cytokines demonstrated heterogeneity by the chi-squared test for homogeneity and hence meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate. However, a strong and significant IL-17 signalling component was identified.\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Cytokines consistently elevated in lesional, peri-lesional and unaffected tissue are identified and discussed. Areas for further investigation include the role of dendritic cells in HS; the contribution of obesity, smoking, diabetes and the microbiome to cytokine profiles in HS; and examining the natural history of this disease through longitudinal measurements of cytokines over time.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17267.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T10:45:36Z","timestamp":1544697936000},"page":"1930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["A systematic review and critical evaluation of inflammatory cytokine associations in hidradenitis suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5042-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Frew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5870-181X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason E.","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47-54","DOI":"10.12788\/j.sder.2017.017","article-title":"Pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa.","volume":"36","author":"L Hoffman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389-2395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa is characterized by Dysregulation of the Th17:Treg Cell Axis, which is 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The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}