{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:44:37Z","timestamp":1791895477609,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000}},{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000}}],"reference-count":24,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Self Funded"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background Data on Canalis Sinuosus (CS) morphology in South Asian populations remain limited, despite frequent anterior maxillary implant placements. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence, positional characteristics, and morphometric features of the CS in Indian adults using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to assess sex-related differences. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 245 CBCT scans with intact maxillary incisors and canines. Multiplanar reconstructions were used to identify the CS and document its laterality, tooth relationship, and orientation. Measurements included canal diameter at the alveolar crest and distances to the alveolar crest, buccal cortical plate, and nasal floor. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using Cohen\u2019s \u03ba. Sex differences were analyzed using \u03c7\n                    <ns3:sup>2<\/ns3:sup>\n                    and independent-samples t-tests (\u03b1 = 0.05). Results CS was detected in 67.3% of individuals, with bilateral presentation in 55.9% and unilateral in 11.4%. Detection rates were similar between sides (left: 62.4%, right: 60.8%). The canal was most frequently adjacent to the lateral incisor (44.7% left, 50.3% right), and approximately half of the canals showed palatal orientation. The mean canal diameter was 0.8 mm. Mean distances to the alveolar crest, buccal cortical plate, and nasal floor were 9.2 mm, 7.0 mm, and 11.5 mm, respectively. Males showed significantly larger canal diameters on the left side (p = 0.008), greater buccal cortical distances bilaterally (p &lt; 0.001), and larger right nasal floor distances (p = 0.011). Conclusions The CS is a frequently observed, typically bilateral anatomical structure in the anterior maxilla of Indian adults, mostly located palatal adjacent the lateral incisor. The morphometric and sex-specific data obtained provide valuable reference parameters for implant planning and minimizing surgical complications.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:44:16Z","timestamp":1791891856000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cone-Beam CT Assessment of the Canalis Sinuosus in an Indian Population: A Retrospective Imaging Study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9908-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceena","family":"Denny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Manipal Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srikant","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Manipal Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Haneef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Manipal Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubha","family":"BS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Manipal Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divyam","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Manipal Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3295-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Sukumaran Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Manipal Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561-568","DOI":"10.3724\/zdxbyxb-2023-0502","article-title":"Anatomy and function of the canalis sinuosus and its injury prevention and treatment strategies in implant surgery.","volume":"53","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024 Oct 25","journal-title":"J. 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Dent."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30998170.v2","author":"C Denny","year":"2026","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:44:53Z","timestamp":1791891893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.176689.4","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.3","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.176689.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.204012.r502048","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.196924.r468661, P Kalyana Chakravarthy, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, 10 Apr 2026, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v2#referee-response-468661","order":0,"name":"referee-response-468661","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.196924.r468972, Prashanti Eachempati, Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, 15 Apr 2026, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v2#referee-response-468972","order":1,"name":"referee-response-468972","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>CEENA DENNY<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 25 Apr 2026<\/i>; Comment 1. I would like to highlight a potential issue in the&nbsp;\n<b>Results section regarding the units of measurement. Some distances appear to be reported in centimetres rather than millimetres.<\/b>&nbsp;I think this is a typographical error; however, if so, this represents a major issue and should be carefully reviewed and corrected throughout the manuscript to ensure accuracy and consistency. \n<b>Response: Made the changes in the manuscript in page 3<\/b>  Comment 2. The&nbsp;interpretation of the statistical findings would benefit from going beyond p-values alone.&nbsp;\n<b>While several differences are reported as statistically significant, their clinical relevance is not always clear.<\/b>&nbsp;For example, the reported difference in canal diameter between males and females on the left side (0.8 mm vs 0.7 mm, p = 0.008) is statistically significant but small in absolute magnitude (~0.1 mm). It would be helpful for the authors to clarify whether such a difference is likely to be clinically meaningful in practice. Similarly, differences in distances to anatomical landmarks (e.g., buccal cortical plate, nasal floor) should be interpreted in terms of their practical significance, rather than statistical significance alone. \n<b>Response: Made the changes in the discussion and also added about the practical significance (PAGE 6-13)<\/b>  Comment 3. Second, given that multiple statistical comparisons have been performed across several outcomes and subgroups, there is an increased likelihood of type I error (i.e., identifying statistically significant findings by chance). While this is understandable in an exploratory anatomical study and may not require formal adjustment, it would be appropriate for the authors to acknowledge this as a limitation and interpret statistically significant findings with some caution \n<b>Response: Added in Page 13<\/b>  Comment 4. In addition, a few methodological clarifications would improve transparency and reproducibility. The measurement protocol should be described in a clearer, step-by-step manner, including how anatomical landmarks were defined and how measurements were obtained on CBCT images. \n<b>Response: Adding as a supplemental file<\/b>  Comment \n<b>5.&nbsp;<\/b>While inter-observer agreement for detection is reported, reliability for the morphometric measurements themselves is not described and should be clarified. It would also be helpful to specify whether measurements were taken once or repeated and averaged \n<b>Response: Added as table 3&nbsp;<\/b> We have now clarified the reliability of the morphometric measurements in the revised manuscript. A subset of scans (n = 40) was re-evaluated, and all measurements were performed twice by the same observer at different time points to minimize bias. The final values used in the analysis were obtained by averaging the two measurements. In addition, intra-observer reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The results have been included in the manuscript, demonstrating excellent reliability for linear measurements (ICC ranging from 0.956 to 0.984; p &lt; 0.001) and lower reliability for diameter near the alveolar crest (ICC = 0.353; p = 0.089). This clarification has been incorporated into both the Methods and Results sections of the revised manuscript.  Comment&nbsp;6. One important point relates to the study population and its clinical applicability. The inclusion criteria specify patients with intact maxillary incisors and canines (i.e., dentulous individuals), whereas the discussion and conclusions extend the implications to implant planning, which commonly involves partially or fully edentulous patients. As alveolar bone morphology changes following tooth loss, the spatial relationships and measurements reported here may not directly translate to edentulous sites. The authors may wish to acknowledge this as a limitation and clarify the extent to which these findings can be applied to implant planning scenarios. Related to this, while the anatomical findings are valuable, their direct translation to implant planning should be interpreted with caution. The clinical significance of this study lies primarily in enhancing anatomical awareness and highlighting the presence and typical location of the canalis sinuosus, rather than defining precise surgical safety margins. The manuscript would benefit from reframing this distinction more explicitly. \n<b>Response: Addressed under limitations and futuristic directions Page-13<\/b>  Comment 7. The conclusions are generally consistent with the results; however, they could be slightly tempered in terms of clinical implications. The strength of the conclusions should reflect the observational and imaging-based nature of the study. \n<b>Response: Addressed in Page 14<\/b>","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4#referee-comment-16038","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-16038","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.204012.r502048, SEMA KAYA, Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi, Van, 20 Jul 2026, version 4, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-174\/v4#referee-response-502048","order":3,"name":"referee-response-502048","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}