{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:26:53Z","timestamp":1780115213210,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Knowledge of the morphology of the great saphenous vein (GSV) is important because of its clinical applications and involvement in venous diseases. In this study, the aim was to determine the morphology and topography of the saphenous opening and to perform side-based and gender-based comparisons. The objective of this study was to describe the precise topography of the GSV with respect to the medial malleolus and saphenous nerves. Methods This is an institution-based cross-sectional study including 40 lower extremities from 20 adult embalmed cadavers. The morphometric data was obtained by applying a digital Vernier caliper. Results The shape of the saphenous opening was noted. In 29 extremities (72.5%), the saphenous opening was vertically oval, with a round shape in 8 (20%) and a kidney shape in 3 (7.5%). There was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) between the right- and left-sided morphometric data. The present study observed that females had smaller dimensions of the saphenous opening and it was more supero-medially placed than in males (p&lt;0.05) in relation to the pubic tubercle. In 24 lower extremities (60%), the saphenous nerve ran anterior to the GSV, and in the remaining 16 (40%), the saphenous nerve was divided into two branches running anterior and posterior to the GSV between the knee and ankle joints. Conclusion The present study provides important data on the morphology and topography of the saphenous opening and GSV in relation to the pubic tubercle, medial malleolus, and saphenous nerve. However, the data would be more accurate with a larger sample size.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.178143.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T09:49:06Z","timestamp":1772617746000},"page":"349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinically relevant topography of the great saphenous vein and saphenofemoral junction, a study from adult embalmed cadavers"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Latha","family":"V Prabhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1248-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.V.","family":"Murlimanju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Praveen","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mangala","family":"M Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamatha","family":"Tonse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8574-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin","family":"R Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"356-360","article-title":"Hemodynamics of the sapheno-femoral complex: an operational diagnosis of proximal femoral valve function.","volume":"25","author":"M Cappelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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The manuscript has been revised as per your suggestion.  In the methodology section, the identification of the great saphenous vein in the saphenous fascia and dissection within the saphenous compartment, between the superficial fascia and the muscular fascia was added as per the reviewer\u2019s opinion. The veins located superficial to the saphenous fascia were not considered as the great saphenous vein. It was also mentioned in the methodology that the present study does not report on the presence of accessory anterior saphenous veins or the Giacomini vein. The study limitation is added in the discussion section regarding the widespread availability of high-resolution ultrasonography and other imaging techniques for the more precise and clinically relevant data in living subjects. Few more recent references were cited for the introduction section. The Figure 2 was rewritten and Figures 3-4 were revised as per the suggestions of the reviewer. The discussion was revised with more description on the side-based and gender-based variations. The limitations were revised. The last reference (of the dataset) was given in full.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-349\/v1#referee-comment-16179","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-16179","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}