{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:28:12Z","timestamp":1787243292896,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183177.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000}}],"reference-count":29,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns5:p>Background A large volume of waste Soda-Lime Silica (SLS) glass has become a major environmental concern due to improper disposal and limited recycling utilization. At the same time, the increasing industrial demand for high-strength-to-weight ratio materials has opened opportunities for incorporating SLS glass as reinforcement in aluminium matrix composites. Methods In this study, a novel aluminium, magnesium, zinc and SLS glass hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC) was developed, using an ultrasonic vibration-supported stir-squeeze casting process. Glass reinforcements of 1, 2, 4, and 5\u00a0wt.% were incorporated to investigate their influence on the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of the composite. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Strain Rate Jump (SRJ) Gleeble compression test, micro-hardness, impact, pin-on-disc dry sliding wear test, wear morphology were conducted for comprehensive characterization of the cast specimen. Results SEM pictures revealed the uniform dispersion and strong matrix-reinforcement bonding. The hardness of the fabricated composite increased by \u0334 23% as the reinforcement content increased from 1 to 5\u00a0wt.%, whereas the toughness reduced by \u0334 46%. The SRJ test conducted using a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator clearly illustrates lower compressive strength for the composites reinforced with 4\u00a0wt.% and 5\u00a0wt.% SLS glass, whereas the sample having 2\u00a0wt.% reinforcement exhibited the highest strain-rate sensitivity. The 2\u00a0wt.% composite exhibited the lowest wear during the pin-on-disc dry sliding wear test, which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of Zn and Mg, along with the strengthening imparted by the well-dispersed glass particles. At higher reinforcement percentages, micro-fracturing and wear damage became more pronounced. Conclusions Overall, the composite reinforced with 2\u00a0wt.% SLS glass offered the best balance of strength, toughness, and wear resistance. By valorising waste SLS glasses, these hybrid composites can be utilized for lightweight, structural and wear-critical applications, thereby advancing sustainable manufacturing.<\/ns5:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183177.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:11:20Z","timestamp":1787242280000},"page":"1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancement of Tribological and Mechanical Properties via Soda-Lime Silica Glass Reinforced Al-Mg-Zn Matrix Composite"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Babuli","family":"Chandra Kar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-4141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sambit","family":"Kumar Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pushkar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020801","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4066416","article-title":"A review on mechanical and wear characteristics of magnesium metal matrix composites.","volume":"147","author":"D Ammisetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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All comments have been carefully considered, and the manuscript has been revised accordingly. The point-by-point responses are provided below. \n<b>Response1: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The preparation method and particle size details of the SLS glass reinforcement have been included in the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 2: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable comment. The stirring speed and stirring duration employed during the stir casting process have been included in the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 3: <\/b>Thank you for the insightful suggestion. The possible reasons and failure mechanism of the fourth specimen have been discussed in the revised manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1181\/v2#referee-comment-16875","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-16875","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.202191.r503399, Santosh Kumar Sahu, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 03 Aug 2026, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1181\/v1#referee-response-503399","order":2,"name":"referee-response-503399","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Dr. Pushkar Jha<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 07 Aug 2026<\/i>; The authors sincerely thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions. All comments have been carefully considered, and the manuscript has been revised accordingly. The point-by-point responses are provided below. \n<b>Response 1: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The mixture gas flow rate used during the processing has been included in the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 2: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable comment. The captions of Figures 2 and 3 have been revised to provide more descriptive and informative explanations in the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 3: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The operating temperature during the wear experiments has been included in the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 4: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable comment. The quantitative toughness values corresponding to Specimen-1 and Specimen-4 have been included in the revised manuscript for better comparison.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1181\/v2#referee-comment-16876","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-16876","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.202191.r503396, Rashmi Ranjan Das, Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 06 Aug 2026, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1181\/v1#referee-response-503396","order":4,"name":"referee-response-503396","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Dr. Pushkar Jha<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 07 Aug 2026<\/i>; The authors sincerely thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions. All comments have been carefully considered, and the manuscript has been revised accordingly. The point-by-point responses are provided below.  \n<b>Introduction Section<\/b> \n<b>Response 1: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The research gap has been more explicitly articulated in the revised manuscript, highlighting the unresolved issues in SLS glass-reinforced Al\u2013Mg\u2013Zn composites and how the present study addresses them. \n<b>Response 2: <\/b>Thank you for the insightful comment. The novelty of the present study has been clearly stated at the end of the Introduction, emphasizing both the developed material system and the vibration-supported stir-squeeze casting process. \n<b>Response 3: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The discussion indicates the advantages of the selected processing route over conventional fabrication techniques. \n<b>Response 4: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The Introduction has been carefully reviewed and revised to improve language, readability, and the overall presentation of the literature. The corresponding changes have been highlighted in the revised manuscript.  \n<b>Materials and Methods<\/b> \n<b>Response 5: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The selected processing parameters are commonly adopted in the literature. \n<b>Response 6: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable comment. The particle size and shape of the Mg, Zn, and SLS glass powders are already presented in \n<b>Table 3<\/b>. \n<b>Response 7: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The Materials and Methods section has been carefully reread and revised to improve readability and grammatical consistency. The revised text has been highlighted in the manuscript for the reviewer's reference.  \n<b>Characterization Techniques<\/b> \n<b>Response 8: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The applicable testing standards (ASTM\/ISO), wherever relevant, have been included in the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 9: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable comment. The number of specimens tested for the wear experiments has been specified in the revised manuscript. For the compression test, only \n<b>Specimen 4<\/b> was retested to verify the observed result, and this information was already provided in the manuscript. \n<b>Response 10: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The section has been carefully reviewed and revised to improve readability and to maintain consistency in the presentation of units, symbols, and terminology. The corresponding changes have been highlighted in the revised manuscript for the reviewer's reference.  \n<b>Results and Discussion<\/b> \n<b>Response 11: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The discussion has been strengthened through careful revision and the inclusion of additional supporting explanations. \n<b>Response 12: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The discussion has been presented in a composition-wise manner, with the relevant figures cited appropriately. \n<b>Response 13: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The statements have been modified with more appropriate and cautious wording in \n<b>Section 3.1<\/b> of the revised manuscript. \n<b>Response 14: <\/b>Thank you for the valuable suggestion. The Results and Discussion section has been thoroughly reviewed and revised to improve clarity, eliminate repetitive statements, and enhance the overall flow of the discussion. The corresponding changes have been highlighted in the revised manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1181\/v2#referee-comment-16877","order":5,"name":"referee-comment-16877","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":6,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}