{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:03:34Z","timestamp":1790165014949,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183195.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background Private universities in northern Peru face the challenge of aligning pedagogical innovation with effective technological integration to improve student satisfaction. Most Peruvian studies rely on bivariate analyses and rarely examine the pathways linking pedagogical innovation to satisfaction. This study analyzes whether ICT integration mediates the relationship between pedagogical innovation and student satisfaction at private universities in northern Peru. Methods A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was applied to 341 undergraduate students from the northern macroregion of Peru (La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura, and \u00c1ncash), selected through stratified probability sampling. Data were collected using a 40-item self-administered online questionnaire rated on a five-point Likert scale, validated by five expert judges (Aiken's V = 0.92), with excellent construct reliability (\u03b1 = 0.91\u20130.97; \u03c9 = 0.93\u20130.98; AVE = 0.60\u20130.71). The mediation model was estimated using Model 4 of Hayes' PROCESS macro with 5,000 bootstrap resamples. Results All five hypotheses were confirmed. Pedagogical innovation positively predicted ICT integration (\u03b2 = 0.856, p &lt; 0.001) and student satisfaction both directly (\u03b2 = 0.340, p &lt; 0.001) and indirectly through ICT integration (indirect effect \u03b2 = 0.480; 95% bootstrap CI [0.367; 0.585]), confirming partial mediation with a variance accounted for (VAF) of 58.5%. The model explained 75.6% of the variance in student satisfaction and 73.3% in ICT integration, with large effect sizes and positive predictive validity (Q\n                    <ns3:sup>2<\/ns3:sup>\n                    &gt; 0). Importance-performance analysis (IPMA) identified pedagogical innovation as the construct with the greatest potential impact on satisfaction. Conclusions ICT integration partially mediates the relationship between pedagogical innovation and student satisfaction, accounting for more than half of the total effect. Pedagogical innovation also exerts a significant direct effect on satisfaction, indicating that non-technological channels \u2014 such as human interaction quality, curricular relevance, and meaningful assessment \u2014 remain important. These findings suggest that simultaneous and complementary investment in pedagogical innovation and ICT integration, prioritized through IPMA, offers the greatest return for private universities in northern Peru seeking to improve the quality of the student experience.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183195.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:24:07Z","timestamp":1789975447000},"page":"1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Mediating Role of ICTs in the Relationship Between Pedagogical Innovation and Student Satisfaction in Private Universities in Northern Peru"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0036-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maril\u00fa Trinidad","family":"Flores Lezama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trujillo La Libertad Universidad Cesar Vallejo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanet Vanessa","family":"V\u00e1squez Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trujillo La Libertad Universidad Cesar Vallejo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario Mercedes","family":"Huerta Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaraz Ancash Universidad Nacional Santiago Antunez de Mayolo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8663-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Valentino","family":"Aguilar Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trujillo La Libertad Universidad Cesar Vallejo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Elizabeth","family":"Paredes Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trujillo La Libertad Universidad Cesar Vallejo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref4","first-page":"25-34","article-title":"COVID-19: A Radical Transformation of Digitalization in Higher Education Institutions.","volume":"9","author":"J Cabero-Almenara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Campus Virtuales."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254-269","DOI":"10.1177\/1521025115621917","article-title":"Through the Eyes of Students.","volume":"19","author":"V Tinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106-116","DOI":"10.33595\/2226-1478.13.2.661","article-title":"Digital Competencies and Satisfaction with Learning Outcomes Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","volume":"13","author":"E Estrada-Araoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comuni@cci\u00f3n: Journal of Research in Communication and Development."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020203","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6562039","article-title":"Online education and university student satisfaction: a study at a private university in Lima.","volume":"2","author":"O Mamani-Benito","year":"2022","journal-title":"InveCom Journal."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8410-8415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319030111","article-title":"Active learning improves student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics.","volume":"111","author":"S Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281-301","DOI":"10.1080\/1360144X.2023.2233471","article-title":"A systematic review to explore how the characteristics of pedagogical development programs in higher education relate to teacher development outcomes.","volume":"29","author":"C Dam\u015fa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Acad. Dev."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195-202","DOI":"10.11648\/j.edu.20140303.22","article-title":"The concept of pedagogical innovation in higher education.","volume":"3","author":"A Walder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educ. J."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017-1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x","article-title":"Content-Pedagogical-Technological Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge.","volume":"108","author":"P Mishra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Teach. Coll. Rec."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"60-70","article-title":"What is Technology-Pedagogical-Content Knowledge?.","volume":"9","author":"M Koehler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765233","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2022.765233","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis of TPACK research between 2011 and 2020.","volume":"7","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433-441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-016-0091-y","article-title":"The Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) Model: A Critical Review and Suggestions for Its Use.","volume":"60","author":"E Hamilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"TechTrends."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126-140","DOI":"10.4018\/IJICTE.2020070110","article-title":"Adoption of the TPACK-SAMR models by teacher educators for the preparation of future teachers of the 21st century.","volume":"16","author":"N Tunjera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Educ."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319-340","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology.","volume":"13","author":"F Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425-478","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view.","volume":"27","author":"V Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157-178","DOI":"10.2307\/41410412","article-title":"Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of technology acceptance and use.","volume":"36","author":"V Venkatesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102269","article-title":"The Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2): A systematic literature review and theory evaluation.","volume":"57","author":"K Tamilmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446-462","DOI":"10.1108\/JM2-04-2014-0031","article-title":"The Effects of Service Quality on Student Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Student Satisfaction.","volume":"11","author":"S Annamdevula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Model. Manag."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-11","DOI":"10.1300\/J050v10n04_01","article-title":"Key factors influencing student satisfaction in relation to recruitment and retention.","volume":"10","author":"K Elliott","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mark. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1-26","article-title":"Determinants of satisfaction among business students.","volume":"6","author":"D Letcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. High. Educ. J."},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"297-308","article-title":"Student engagement: A developmental theory for higher education.","volume":"25","author":"A Astin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Coll. Stud. Pers."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89-125","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543045001089","article-title":"Dropout from higher education: a theoretical synthesis of recent research.","volume":"45","author":"V Tinto","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5-20","DOI":"10.1002\/ir.283","article-title":"The National Survey on Student Engagement: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations.","volume":"2009","author":"G Kuh","year":"2009","journal-title":"New Dir. Inst. Res."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540-563","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2008.11772116","article-title":"Unraveling the Effects of Student Engagement on Grades and Persistence During the First Year of College.","volume":"79","author":"G Kuh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55-68","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299205600304","article-title":"Measuring service quality: A re-examination and extension.","volume":"56","author":"J Cronin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"12-40","article-title":"SERVQUAL: A multi-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality.","volume":"64","author":"A Parasuraman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Retail."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211-228","DOI":"10.2753\/MER1052-8008210302","article-title":"Engaging the student as a customer: A relationship marketing approach.","volume":"21","author":"J Bowden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mark. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197-209","DOI":"10.1080\/1360080022000013518","article-title":"Student satisfaction: an alternative approach to assessing this important concept.","volume":"24","author":"K Elliott","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. High. Educ. Policy Manag."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0176-8","article-title":"Mapping research on student engagement and educational technology in higher education: a systematic review of the evidence.","volume":"17","author":"M Bond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85-98","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7869-4_6","author":"F Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1alvo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radical Solutions for Education in a Crisis Context."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4567-4589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11432-7","article-title":"The mediating role of educational technology between pedagogical innovation and student satisfaction in Chinese universities.","volume":"28","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47-66","DOI":"10.5944\/ried.25.2.31995","article-title":"Pedagogical innovation and educational satisfaction in Mexican universities during the pandemic: a structural analysis.","volume":"25","author":"J Sanabria-Z","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ibero-American Journal of Distance Education."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25-42","DOI":"10.17398\/1695-288X.20.1.25","article-title":"Emerging technologies and student satisfaction in higher education: a mediation study.","volume":"20","author":"J Hern\u00e1ndez-Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Latin American Journal of Educational Technology."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25740","DOI":"10.35699\/1983-3652.2021.25740","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the European DigCompEdu framework (JRC) and the Common Framework for Digital Competence Education (INTEF) through expert judgment.","volume":"14","author":"J Cabero-Almenara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Texto Livre."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211-227","DOI":"10.31876\/rcs.v29i2.39966","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 digital competencies and academic satisfaction: a mediation analysis in Peruvian universities.","volume":"29","author":"E Ram\u00edrez-As\u00eds","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Social Sciences."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89-112","DOI":"10.54674\/ess.v36i1.832","article-title":"Pedagogical innovation and student satisfaction in private universities in northern Peru: a comparative study.","volume":"36","author":"A P\u00e9rez-Cuadros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education and Society."},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"234-246","article-title":"Pedagogical, methodological, and curricular innovation as predictors of academic satisfaction among university students in Piura.","volume":"15","author":"R Vargas-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"University and Society Journal."},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"45-62","article-title":"Determinants of student satisfaction at private universities in northern Peru.","volume":"26","author":"C Coronel-Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista de Investigaci\u00f3n Andina."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197-206","DOI":"10.1086\/651257","article-title":"Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis.","volume":"37","author":"X Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2-24","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-11-2018-0203","article-title":"When to use and how to present PLS-SEM results.","volume":"31","author":"J Hair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-26","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0136-3","article-title":"Does the quality of e-learning services influence the satisfaction and loyalty of e-learning students? Evidence from Vietnam.","volume":"16","author":"L Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6-19","DOI":"10.1080\/21532974.2016.1242392","article-title":"What Educators Get Wrong About 21st-Century Learning: Survey Findings.","volume":"33","author":"P Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Digit. Learn. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223-245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10755-023-09686-1","article-title":"Student acceptance of ChatGPT in higher education: an expanded unified theory of technology acceptance and use.","volume":"49","author":"A Strzelecki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innov. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-21","DOI":"10.4185\/RLCS-2020-1466","article-title":"Education in times of pandemic: Reflections by students and professors on virtual university teaching in Spain, Italy, and Ecuador.","volume":"78","author":"S Tejedor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Comun. Soc."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173-1182","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The distinction between moderator and mediator variables in social psychology research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.","volume":"51","author":"R Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99-128","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3901_4","article-title":"Confidence limits for the indirect effect: product distribution and resampling methods.","volume":"39","author":"D MacKinnon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593-614","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542","article-title":"Mediation analysis.","volume":"58","author":"D MacKinnon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879-891","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for evaluating and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.","volume":"40","author":"K Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233-239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x","article-title":"Sample size required to detect the mediated effect.","volume":"18","author":"M Fritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2015.07.006","article-title":"Methods for detecting invalid responses due to carelessness in survey data.","volume":"66","author":"P Curran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955-959","DOI":"10.1177\/001316448004000419","article-title":"Content validity and reliability of individual items or questionnaires.","volume":"40","author":"L Aiken","year":"1980","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213-225","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327841mpee0804_3","article-title":"Application of a confidence interval for the score to Aiken\u2019s content relevance index of items.","volume":"8","author":"R Penfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"625-627","article-title":"The Omega Coefficient: An Alternative Method for Estimating Reliability.","volume":"15","author":"J Ventura-Le\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Latin American Journal of Social Sciences, Children and Youth."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39-50","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluation of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.","volume":"18","author":"C Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115-135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling.","volume":"43","author":"J Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879-903","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research.","volume":"88","author":"P Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-10","DOI":"10.4018\/ijec.2015100101","article-title":"Common method bias in PLS-SEM: a comprehensive approach to assessing multicollinearity.","volume":"11","author":"N Kock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. e-Collab."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101-107","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/61.1.101","article-title":"A predictive approach to the random-effects model.","volume":"61","author":"S Geisser","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biometrika."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865-1886","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-10-2015-0449","article-title":"Get more from your PLS-SEM results: the importance-performance map analysis.","volume":"116","author":"C Ringle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Manag. Data Syst."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588-606","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","article-title":"Tests of significance and goodness-of-fit in covariance structure analysis.","volume":"88","author":"P Bentler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-55","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives.","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035-1064","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21640","article-title":"Advances in the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research over the past decade.","volume":"39","author":"M Sarstedt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167-186","DOI":"10.5944\/educxx1.19036","article-title":"Pedagogical Innovation with ICTs Among University Faculty in Northern Peru: A Qualitative Approach.","volume":"20","author":"A Coronado-Hij\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educaci\u00f3n XX1."},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"162-175","article-title":"Pedagogical innovation, technological infrastructure, and university satisfaction in Ecuador.","volume":"41","author":"L Pinedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Espacios."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134-152","DOI":"10.22201\/iisue.20072872e.2023.40.1530","article-title":"Pedagogical innovation, technological resources, and student satisfaction in private universities in northern Peru.","volume":"14","author":"R Chuquimarca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Educaci\u00f3n Superior."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.32337933","article-title":"CUESTIONARIO (DATASET).xlsx [Conjunto de datos].","author":"M Flores Lezama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:29:12Z","timestamp":1790162952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.183195.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.183195.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.209426.r523221","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.209426.r523221","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.202212.r501292, Heyner Yuliano Marquez Yauri, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo - UNT, Trujillo, 20 Aug 2026, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v1#referee-response-501292","order":0,"name":"referee-response-501292","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.209426.r523221, Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo, 23 Sep 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1016\/v2#referee-response-523221","order":1,"name":"referee-response-523221","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}