{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:52:02Z","timestamp":1791359522759,"version":"4.3.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183549.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MMU GRA","award":["MMUI\/220155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMUI\/220155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background The current research assesses whether students can achieve better academic performance through the proposed collaborative learning management system (C-LMS) developed as the primary virtual collaborative learning environment. It is intended to examine the relationship between students\u2019 personality traits and their technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) proficiency and to determine their continued use of technology. Methods The current research initiated an investigation of the issue from psychological perspectives, using students\u2019 Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) as predictors and extending the study by grounding it in the TPACK framework. It aimed to explain the relationship between BFPT and TPACK among students regarding their continued use of technology. The research experiment was conducted using the developed proposed C-LMS integrated into the virtual collaborative learning environment. Participants completed the provided pre-module knowledge-checking test after completing the BFPT questionnaire. Then, they needed to complete a post-module knowledge-checking test, a TPACK questionnaire, and course feedback. Their course feedback indicates their intention to continue using technology. Results Based on the findings, the students\u2019 BFPT had a significant effect on their TPACK and continued use of technology, except for extraversion, neuroticism and TCK towards TPACK. Using PLSpredict, the proposed model demonstrated substantial predictive power over the LM model, consistently achieving lower RMSE and MAE across most indicators. Engagement within the C-LMS was positively associated with students\u2019 academic performance, suggesting that collaborative features align with higher academic outcomes Conclusions The current research demonstrated the proposed structural model, adopting the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) and the TPACK framework, and integrating the proposed C-LMS to improve students\u2019 collaborativeness through a dedicated online course. Moreover, students\u2019 understanding of the enrolled online course improves significantly when the proposed C-LMS is integrated as the primary virtual collaborative learning environment. The phenomenon explained the positive impact of the proposed C-LMS on students\u2019 academic performance in collaboration and knowledge co-creation.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183549.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:24:10Z","timestamp":1790331850000},"page":"1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating Big Five Personality Traits and TPACK: A Pedagogical Framework for Collaborative Learning Management System (C-LMS) in Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ayer Keroh Melaka Multimedia University Faculty of Information Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4515-1163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sook Ling","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ayer Keroh Melaka Centre for Advanced Analytics, CoE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih Yin","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ayer Keroh Melaka Centre for Advanced Analytics, CoE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012163","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/890\/1\/012163","article-title":"Discriminant Validity Assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT Criterion.","volume":"890","author":"M Ab Hamid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Psychol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:14:08Z","timestamp":1791357248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.183549.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.183549.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.210310.r524471","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.210310.r524471","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.202604.r513641, Maizatul Akmar Ismail, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 03 Sep 2026, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v1#referee-response-513641","order":0,"name":"referee-response-513641","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Sook Ling Lew<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 14 Sep 2026<\/i>; Although datasets are made available, clearer replication details, including the full analysis procedure, software settings, instruments, and C-LMS implementation specifications. Justification as follows:&nbsp;  &quot;3.3 Research Design The current research is conducted through a quantitative research design in which numerical data and statistical analysis were utilised to test the formulated hypotheses. Specifically, the current research employed a single-group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with the same group of participants (Capili &amp; Anastasi, 2024). Participants are assessed before and after the intervention, and the intervention's effect is determined by the difference between pretest and posttest results. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis is conducted through PLS-SEM path modeling via SmartPLS 4.0.&quot;  &quot;According to Kock and Hadaya's Inverse Square Root Method for 80% power at \n<i>\u03b1=0.05<\/i>, the path coefficient (p\n<sub>min<\/sub>) in the current study is 0.370, and the required minimum sample size is 58 respondents (Putu Gede Subhaktiyasa, 2024). Therefore, the research involved 121 local private university students enrolled in the online course via the proposed C-LMS, which is sufficient to meet the inverse-square-root method requirement.&quot;  &quot;Throughout the experiment phase, the participants engaged with the C-LMS across enrolled coursework modules. These modules consist of collaborative tasks, such as knowledge sharing and collective problem-solving, that require participants to interact with their peers in small groups. These participants were assessed based on their academic outcome group-based activities through the C-LMS dedicated assessment modules. The assessment modules included a 5-question quiz evaluating participants' prior knowledge and exposure to the module's content. Upon completing the module, participants were asked to take a 5-question quiz to assess their understanding of the topic covered in the modules they enrolled in. The maximum score for these quizzes was 10, where each question was worth 2 marks. These marks were recorded as input for a paired-samples t-test to identify differences in participants' pre- and post-knowledge-checking test performance. As for the BFI-20 and TPACK questionnaires, a 5-point Likert scale is used, ranging from &quot;5 = Strongly Agree&quot; to &quot;1 = Strongly Disagree&quot;. Odd Likert scales are preferred for better reliability, validity, discrimination, precision, and stability than even Likert scales (Mohd Rokeman, 2024). Hence, the 5-point Likert scale is ideal and favours the current research.&quot;","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2#referee-comment-17167","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-17167","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.210310.r524471, A Shobana Devi, Department of Data Science and Business Systems, SRM Institutte of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 07 Oct 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1288\/v2#referee-response-524471","order":2,"name":"referee-response-524471","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and\/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the MMU GRA under Project SAP ID: MMUI\/220155. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}