{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:58:39Z","timestamp":1791892719928,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183558.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000}}],"reference-count":24,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Substance abuse among university students has emerged as a significant problem from a public health perspective, with specific patterns observed among the population in Jordan. Chatbots developed using artificial intelligence are effective instruments in health education delivery. This research sought to investigate the efficacy of a mobile app that incorporates AI chatbots in enhancing nursing students\u2019 knowledge about substance abuse prevention. Methods This study employed a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest\u2013posttest design, involving of an intervention group and a control group. The study was conducted in the largest Faculty of Nursing in Jordan with more than 2500 students\u2019 capacity, from October 2025 to February 2026. A total of 170 nursing students participated in the study; 85 students were allocated to the control group, and 85 students were assigned to the intervention group. The main study variables included Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) domain scores, as well as Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) scores. Results The study results revealed that groups did not differ significantly from each other in terms of demographic variables. In the control group, there were no statistically significant changes found on all study variables, before and after the intervention. Conversely, in the experimental group, there were statistically significant changes found on the students\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning the prevention of substance abuse (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and lower scores for all SURPS subscales p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001. Sub-group analyses also found no statistically significant differences between the sub-groups in their responses to the intervention program (all p\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). Multiple regression analysis also found that KAP predicted post-test SURP scores (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Conclusions The AI-based chatbot intervention resulted in significant positive changes in substance abuse knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors, as well as in acceptance of personality risks.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183558.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:04:11Z","timestamp":1789646651000},"page":"1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of a Mobile Application with an AI-Powered Chatbot to Enhance Nursing Students' Awareness of Substance Abuse Prevention: An Interventional Study"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Abualruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al -Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan, Amman Faculty of Nursing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3035-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman A.","family":"Shokr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shebeen El-Kom Menofia Governorate Menoufia University Faculty of Nursing"},{"name":"Al -Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan, Amman Faculty of Nursing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2478-3914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salahdein","family":"Aburuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abu Dhabi 00000 United Arab Emirates University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03125-w","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 experiences with substance use: risks, protective factors and interventions.","volume":"13","author":"M Avc\u0131","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11266-6","article-title":"Global burden of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021.","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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