{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:56:20Z","timestamp":1791543380059,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183651.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000}}],"reference-count":70,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    Background Frozen squid and cuttlefish (Harmonized System code 030743) form a commercially relevant segment of global cephalopod trade, with implications for cold-chain logistics, traceability and the economic resilience of exporting countries. Despite this relevance, comparable cross-country evidence on how export portfolios are structured and how relative specialization evolves remains limited. The study describes and compares destination diversification and revealed export positioning of frozen cephalopod exports for China, Indonesia, India, Spain, Morocco and Argentina between 2020 and 2024. Methods A quantitative, non-experimental, retrospective longitudinal design was applied using secondary statistics from the United Nations International Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade). Destination diversification was measured through the Herfindahl\u2013Hirschman Index (HHI), computed from the complete distribution of export shares across importing partners. Revealed specialization was assessed through the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), obtained from the symmetric transformation of the Balassa index. The description was complemented with summary statistics (means, standard deviations, coefficients of variation and concentration ratios) and with exploratory non-parametric tests (Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Friedman and Spearman correlations) that compare countries and years without inferring causal mechanisms; cleaning and harmonization followed documented routines to ensure replicability. Results Cross-country heterogeneity was marked. China showed sustained deconcentration, with HHI declining from 1,134 to 704. India maintained a stable, moderately concentrated portfolio. Argentina moved from high concentration toward a more distributed structure, with partial reconcentration in 2024. Indonesia deepened its concentration, with HHI rising from 2,964 to 3,894, and Morocco remained highly concentrated throughout. Spain preserved high concentration despite redistribution among secondary markets. Between-country differences in HHI were large (Kruskal\u2013Wallis H = 27.4, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b5\n                    <ns3:sup>2<\/ns3:sup>\n                    = 0.95), whereas no common year effect was detected (Friedman \u03c7\n                    <ns3:sup>2<\/ns3:sup>\n                    = 3.07, p = 0.547); across country\u2013years, destination-level RSCA was moderately and inversely associated with concentration (Spearman \u03c1 = \u22120.40, p = 0.030). RSCA values evidenced persistent revealed specialization for India and Argentina, China\u2019s repositioning in selected destinations, Indonesia\u2019s Asia-centered specialization, and Morocco\u2019s competitiveness embedded in Mediterranean outlets. Conclusions Three descriptive export profiles were identified: diversified and stable; growth-oriented yet dependent; and specialized but destination-vulnerable. Supported by explicit summary statistics and exploratory tests, this typology offers a replicable baseline for sustainability discussions without inferring causal mechanisms.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.183651.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:14:07Z","timestamp":1791461647000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping Export Sustainability in Frozen Cephalopods: Destination Concentration and Revealed Comparative Advantage in China, Indonesia, India, Spain, Morocco, and Argentina (2020\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jose Carlos","family":"Montes Ninaquispe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Administraci\u00f3n y Administraci\u00f3n de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte Chiclayo 14001 Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Angelica","family":"Orejuela Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Industrial, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Trujillo La Libertad 13011 Universidad Nacional de Trujillo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleodora del Pilar","family":"Orejuela Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Ambiental, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Trujillo La Libertad 13001 Universidad Privada del Norte, Campus San Isidro-Trujillo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Jos\u00e9","family":"Sandoval Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Administraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas Trujillo La Libertad 13008 Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Science and Technology Trujillo La Libertad 13001 C\u00e9sar Vallejo University, Campus Chep\u00e9n-Piura"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alfredo","family":"Casta\u00f1eda Nassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Administraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas Trujillo La Libertad 13008 Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor \u00c1ngel","family":"Ancajima Mi\u00f1\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Science and Technology Trujillo La Libertad 13001 C\u00e9sar Vallejo University, Campus Chep\u00e9n-Piura"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario Yaqueliny","family":"Llauce Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Ja\u00e9n Cajamarca 06801 Universidad Nacional de Ja\u00e9n"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Dami\u00e1n Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Ja\u00e9n Cajamarca 06801 Universidad Nacional de Ja\u00e9n"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Tomasa","family":"Valdiviezo P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Administraci\u00f3n y Administraci\u00f3n de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte Chiclayo 14001 Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Science and Technology Trujillo La Libertad 13001 C\u00e9sar Vallejo University, Campus Chep\u00e9n-Piura"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar Pol","family":"Ar\u00e9valo-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda Metal\u00fargica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Metal\u00fargica Trujillo La Libertad 13011 Universidad Nacional de Trujillo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Agust\u00edn","family":"Arbul\u00fa Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Science and Technology Trujillo La Libertad 13001 C\u00e9sar Vallejo University, Campus Chep\u00e9n-Piura"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17172967","article-title":"Nighttime Remote Sensing Analysis of Lit Fishing Boats: Fisheries Management Challenges in the South China Sea (2013\u20132022).","volume":"17","author":"D Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2023.105584","article-title":"Ocean Predators: Squids, Chinese Fleets and the Geopolitics of High Seas Fishing.","volume":"152","author":"I Montecalvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Policy."},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"EUMOFA Observatorio Europeo Del Mercado de Productos de La Pesca y La Acuicultura."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62191\/ROAPE-2025-0011","article-title":"The Sahrawi Fisheries Sector in the World Economy: Extraction, Industry and Commercialisation under Occupation.","volume":"52","author":"V Veguilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53555\/kuey.v29i4.5238","article-title":"Indian Marine Products Export: Growth, Market Instability, And Forecast Analysis.","author":"A Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Administration: Theory and Practice."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-9","DOI":"10.55041\/IJSREM52266","article-title":"Export Performance of Marine Products in India.","volume":"09","author":"K Ekambaram Dr.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031125","article-title":"Normality in the Distribution of Revealed Comparative Advantage Index for International Trade and Economic Complexity.","volume":"12","author":"B Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su172310685","article-title":"Diversification and Competitiveness of Banana Exports in the Andean Community Countries.","volume":"17","author":"C Corrales Otaz\u00fa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15171894","article-title":"Competitiveness and Diversification in Grape Exports: Keys to Their Sustainability in Global Markets.","volume":"15","author":"H Garc\u00eda","year":"1894","journal-title":"Agriculture."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/SU17115091","article-title":"Market Diversification and International Competitiveness of South American Coffee: A Comparative Analysis for Export Sustainability.","volume":"17","author":"H Garc\u00eda Ju\u00e1rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2023.105910","article-title":"Improved Traceability in Seafood Supply Chains Is Achievable by Minimising Vulnerable Nodes in Processing and Distribution Networks.","volume":"159","author":"C Hopkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Policy."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202411.0215.v1","article-title":"Seafood Sustainability Challenges for Import-Dependent Nations.","author":"R Dominguez-Martinez","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-023-04300-6","article-title":"Towards Global Traceability for Sustainable Cephalopod Seafood.","volume":"171","author":"I Gleadall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s44183-025-00103-y","article-title":"Existing Seafood Traceability Tools Are Insufficient for Enforcing Import Restrictions.","volume":"4","author":"J Gephart","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Ocean Sustainability."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28916-2","article-title":"Revealing Global Risks of Labor Abuse and Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing.","volume":"13","author":"E Selig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34-46","DOI":"10.33936\/ecasinergia.v16i1.6714","article-title":"Pol\u00edtica Comercial Internacional y Su Influencia En El Desarrollo de Las Exportaciones Del Sector Pesquero En Manta.","volume":"16","author":"P Bello Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2025","journal-title":"ECA Sinergia."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadd8125","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add8125","article-title":"Fishing through the Cracks: The Unregulated Nature of Global Squid Fisheries.","volume":"9","author":"K Seto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110986","article-title":"Global Sustainability Assessment of Cephalopod Fisheries Based on Pressure-State-Response Framework.","volume":"27","author":"D Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714-730","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaa038","article-title":"Stock Assessment and Management of Cephalopods: Advances and Challenges for Short-Lived Fishery Resources.","volume":"78","author":"A Arkhipkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682-705","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2020.1864720","article-title":"Ecological-Fishery Forecasting of Squid Stock Dynamics under Climate Variability and Change: Review, Challenges, and Recommendations.","volume":"29","author":"H Moustahfid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240-1265","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icad102","article-title":"Climate-Change Impacts on Cephalopods: A Meta-Analysis.","volume":"63","author":"F Borges","year":"2023","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabj1927","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj1927","article-title":"Fish Crimes in the Global Oceans.","volume":"8","author":"D Belhabib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2023.105789","article-title":"Dilemmas and Paths of International Cooperation in China\u2019s Fight against IUU Fishing Analysis.","volume":"155","author":"Y Gou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Policy."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/oos2025-825","article-title":"Shifting Tides: Analyzing Fisheries Conflict and Geopolitical Dynamics in the Western Pacific (1974-2023).","author":"T Delaney","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148-175","DOI":"10.1080\/00908320.2025.2458664","article-title":"Untangling Squid: Regulatory Gaps and Opportunities to Improve High Seas Squid Fisheries Management.","volume":"56","author":"O Urrutia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Dev. Int. Law."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110523","article-title":"Untangling the Cephalopod Market: Authentication of Seafood Products in Greece with DNA-Barcoding.","volume":"163","author":"Z Giagkazoglou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03777-9","article-title":"A Network Analysis of Global Cephalopod Trade.","volume":"12","author":"A Ospina-Alvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95-107","DOI":"10.1080\/1523908X.2024.2422825","article-title":"The Impact of State-Led Traceability on Fisheries Sustainability.","volume":"27","author":"A Kadfak","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Policy Plan."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s40152-025-00441-0","article-title":"Methodological Nationalism and Labour Justice in Seafood Supply Chains.","volume":"24","author":"P Vandergeest","year":"2025","journal-title":"Maritime Studies."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508-528","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.10442","article-title":"Disentangling Global Market Drivers for Cephalopods to Foster Transformations towards Sustainable Seafood Systems.","volume":"5","author":"G Ainsworth","year":"2023","journal-title":"People and Nature."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad301","article-title":"Global Trade Network Patterns Are Coupled to Fisheries Sustainability.","volume":"2","author":"L Elsler","year":"2023","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2025.109479","article-title":"Analysing and Forecasting Spatio-Temporal Abundance of Illex Argentinus in the Falkland Islands Zone Based on Oceanographic Features.","volume":"325","author":"T B\u00fcring","year":"2025","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2024.106335","article-title":"The Artisanal Octopus Fishery in Mauritania: A Lucrative Fishery in Decline.","volume":"169","author":"A Fall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Policy."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11091800","article-title":"Relationship between Resource Distribution and Vertical Structure of Water Temperature of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis Oualaniensis) in the Northwest Indian Ocean Based on GAM and GBT Models.","volume":"11","author":"C Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fog.12692","article-title":"Temporal and Spatial Variations in Squid Jigging Catch Efficiency in the Oyashio Extension Region.","volume":"33","author":"Z Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-022-04148-2","article-title":"Cephalopods, a Gap in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive and Their Future Integration.","volume":"170","author":"B Bobowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491-1518","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-022-02403-y","article-title":"Climate Change-Related Changes in Cephalopod Biodiversity on the North East Atlantic Shelf.","volume":"31","author":"D Oesterwind","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872-1892","DOI":"10.1080\/09638199.2025.2482542","article-title":"Effects of Export Diversification on Economic Vulnerability: The Case of WAEMU Countries.","volume":"34","author":"H Mano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Int. Trade Econ. Dev."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3390\/jrfm17090412","article-title":"Changes in Revealed Comparative Advantage in Machinery and Equipment: Evidence for Emerging Markets.","volume":"17","author":"A Boltho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Risk and Financial Management."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83-88","DOI":"10.26661\/2414-0287-2021-4-52-15","article-title":"DIVERSIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE: PROBLEMS OF THEORY.","author":"I Lubenets","year":"2021","journal-title":"Financial Strategies of Innovative Economic Development."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/su18020568","article-title":"Market Diversification and Revealed Comparative Advantage in Salmon Exports: Comparative Evidence from Norway, Sweden, Chile, and the United Kingdom.","volume":"18","author":"H Garc\u00eda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15232504","article-title":"Assessment of Competitiveness and Complementarity in Agri-Food Trade Between the European Union and Mercosur Countries.","volume":"15","author":"M Bu\u0142kowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agriculture."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/economies12070187","article-title":"The Role of Comparative Advantage in Enhancing Trade in Value-Added Using a Dynamic GMM Model.","volume":"12","author":"J Wuri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Economies."},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Methodology Guide for UN Comtrade User on UN Comtrade Upgrade 2019.","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031431","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Statistical Imbalance: A Long-Term Neglected Defect in UN Comtrade Dataset.","volume":"14","author":"L Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101567","article-title":"Automated Cleansing and Harmonization of International Trade Data.","volume":"8","author":"S Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106526","article-title":"Advancing UN Comtrade for Physical Trade Flow Analysis: Review of Data Quality Issues and Solutions.","volume":"186","author":"C Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Department of Justice - The United States Herfindahl-Hirschman Index.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51-60","DOI":"10.5709\/ce.1897-9254.468","article-title":"Cautionary Note About the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of Market (Industry) Concentration.","volume":"16","author":"T Kv\u00e5lseth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemporary Economics."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401-415","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-3441.12187","article-title":"Censoring and Distortion in the Hirschman\u2013Herfindahl Index Computation.","volume":"36","author":"M Naldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99-123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x","article-title":"Trade Liberalisation and \u201cRevealed\u201d Comparative Advantage.","volume":"33","author":"B Balassa","year":"1965","journal-title":"Manch. Sch."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423-443","DOI":"10.1080\/02692179800000017","article-title":"Structural Change in OECD Export Specialisation Patterns: De-Specialisation and \u2018Stickiness\u2019.","volume":"12","author":"B Dalum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Appl. Econ."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99-115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40821-015-0017-1","article-title":"Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization.","volume":"5","author":"K Laursen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurasian Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583-621","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441","article-title":"Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis.","volume":"47","author":"W Kruskal","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"19-25","article-title":"The Need to Report Effect Size Estimates Revisited. An Overview of Some Recommended Measures of Effect Size.","volume":"21","author":"M Tomczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"65-70","article-title":"A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure.","volume":"6","author":"S Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand. J. Stat."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675-701","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1937.10503522","article-title":"The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance.","volume":"32","author":"M Friedman","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2021.100494","article-title":"Emerging COVID-19 Impacts, Responses, and Lessons for Building Resilience in the Seafood System.","volume":"28","author":"D Love","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Food Sec."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125014","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/12\/125014","article-title":"Structure and Evolution of the Global Seafood Trade Network.","volume":"10","author":"J Gephart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2020.105820","article-title":"Fisheries for Common Octopus in Europe: Socioeconomic Importance and Management.","volume":"235","author":"C Pita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish. Res."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590-605","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00078","article-title":"Export Diversification: What\u2019s behind the Hump?","volume":"93","author":"O Cadot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stat."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32-44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.06.013","article-title":"China at a Crossroads: An Analysis of China\u2019s Changing Seafood Production and Consumption.","volume":"3","author":"B Crona","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Earth."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R406-R407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.002","article-title":"Global Proliferation of Cephalopods.","volume":"26","author":"Z Doubleday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51965-8","article-title":"Globalization of Wild Capture and Farmed Aquatic Foods.","volume":"15","author":"J Gephart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765-790","DOI":"10.1111\/caje.12031","article-title":"Trade Openness Reduces Growth Volatility When Countries Are Well Diversified.","volume":"46","author":"M Haddad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92-252","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2015.1026226","article-title":"World Squid Fisheries.","volume":"23","author":"A Arkhipkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151-160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.10.013","article-title":"Fair Enough? Food Security and the International Trade of Seafood.","volume":"67","author":"F Asche","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279-429","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2019.1680603","article-title":"World Octopus Fisheries.","volume":"29","author":"W Sauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02707598","article-title":"On the Empirical Distribution of the Balassa Index.","volume":"137","author":"J Hinloopen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.32441517.v1","author":"J Montes Ninaquispe","year":"2026","journal-title":"figshare."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:34:08Z","timestamp":1791542048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":70,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.183651.2","relation":{"has-version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.12688\/f1000research.183651.1","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.210283.r528244","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.210283.r528244","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.210283.r528244, Antony Cristhian Gonzales-Alvarado, Universidade Federal do ABC, S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo, 09 Oct 2026, version 2, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v2#referee-response-528244","order":0,"name":"referee-response-528244","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.202710.r506979, Kurichithara K Sajikumar, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 02 Sep 2026, version 1, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-971\/v1#referee-response-506979","order":1,"name":"referee-response-506979","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}