{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:18:17Z","timestamp":1762543097525,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"none"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:<\/ns4:bold>Maternal sepsis accounts for 11% of all maternal deaths worldwide. It is the third most common direct cause of maternal death and is a major contributor to other common causes of maternal death, such as haemorrhage and thromboembolism.<ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>This review addresses important topics, including the epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, care bundles and management of maternal sepsis, including antibiotic treatment, and critical care interventions such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Preventative measures that have had an impact on maternal sepsis as well as future research directions are also covered in this review. Case studies of maternal sepsis which highlight key learning points relevant to all clinicians involved in the management of obstetric patients will also be presented.<ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>Although, historically, maternal death from sepsis was considered to be a problem for low-income countries, severe obstetric morbidity and maternal death from sepsis are increasing in high-income countries. The global burden of maternal sepsis and the obstetric-related and patient-related risk factors and the likely sources are presented. Recent changes in definition and nomenclature are outlined, and challenges in diagnosis and identification are discussed.<ns4:bold>Conclusions<\/ns4:bold><ns4:bold>:<\/ns4:bold>Following maternal sepsis, early diagnosis and early intervention are critical to save lives and prevent long-term adverse sequelae. Dogma surrounding critical care interventions in pregnancy is being challenged, and future research is warranted to maximise therapeutic options available for maternal septic shock.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18736.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T14:30:09Z","timestamp":1567175409000},"page":"1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of sepsis in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4760-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaan","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronnie F","family":"Lamont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323-e333","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: A WHO systematic analysis.","volume":"2","author":"L Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"ref-2","article-title":"Statement on Maternal Sepsis."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557.e1-6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.032","article-title":"Preventability of severe acute maternal morbidity.","volume":"210","author":"B Lawton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425-33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x","article-title":"The immune system in pregnancy: A unique complexity.","volume":"63","author":"G Mor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066-74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9","article-title":"WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: A systematic review.","volume":"367","author":"K Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089-93","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7294.1089","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity: Case-control study.","volume":"322","author":"M Waterstone","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02847.x","article-title":"Saving Mothers' Lives: Reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006-2008. 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