{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:22:23Z","timestamp":1792750943087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>The concept of interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a target in osteoarthritis (OA) has been an attractive one for many years. It is a highly potent inducer of cartilage degradation, causing the induction of mRNA and controlling the bioavailability of disease-relevant proteases such as ADAMTS5 and MMP13. It drives synovitis and can induce other disease-relevant genes such as nerve growth factor, a key pain sensitiser in OA. However, the quality of evidence for its involvement in disease is modest. Descriptive studies have demonstrated expression of IL-1\u03b1 and \u03b2 in OA cartilage and elevated levels in the synovial fluid of some patients. Agnostic transcriptomic and genomic analyses do not identify IL-1 as a key pathway.<ns4:italic>In vivo<\/ns4:italic>models show a conflicting role for this molecule; early studies using therapeutic approaches in large animal models show a benefit, but most murine studies fail to demonstrate protection where the ligands (IL-1\u03b1\/\u03b2), the cytokine activator (IL-1\u2013converting enzyme), or the receptor (IL-1R) have been knocked out. Recently, a number of large double-blind randomised controlled clinical studies targeting IL-1 have failed. Enthusiasm for IL-1 as a target in OA is rapidly dwindling.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18831.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1561122312000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["IL-1 in osteoarthritis: time for a critical review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonia L.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128-42","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.136.1.128","article-title":"Potentiation of the T-lymphocyte response to mitogens. I. 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