{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:53:30Z","timestamp":1790380410906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI134891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI134891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AI138372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AI138372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p><ns4:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/ns4:italic>is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and the leading cause of preventable blindness in the developing world.<ns4:italic>C. trachomatis<\/ns4:italic>invades the epithelium of the conjunctiva and genital tract and replicates within an intracellular membrane-bound compartment termed the inclusion. To invade and replicate in mammalian cells,<ns4:italic>Chlamydia<\/ns4:italic>remodels epithelial surfaces by reorganizing the cytoskeleton and cell\u2013cell adhesions, reprograms membrane trafficking, and modulates cell signaling to dampen innate immune responses. If the infection ascends to the upper female genital tract, it can result in pelvic inflammatory disease and tissue scarring.<ns4:italic>C. trachomatis<\/ns4:italic>infections are associated with infertility, ectopic pregnancies, the fibrotic disorder endometriosis, and potentially cancers of the cervix and uterus. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms by which this clinically important human pathogen subverts host cellular functions and causes disease have remained relatively poorly understood because of the dearth of molecular genetic tools to study<ns4:italic>Chlamydiae<\/ns4:italic>and limitations of both<ns4:italic>in vivo<\/ns4:italic>and<ns4:italic>in vitro<\/ns4:italic>infection models. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the experimental molecular tool kit available to dissect<ns4:italic>C. trachomatis<\/ns4:italic>infections with a special focus on<ns4:italic>Chlamydia<\/ns4:italic>-induced epithelial barrier disruption by regulating the structure, function, and dynamics of epithelial cell\u2013cell junctions.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18832.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T13:40:06Z","timestamp":1561124406000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A renewed tool kit to explore Chlamydia pathogenesis: from molecular genetics to new infection 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