{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T08:32:47Z","timestamp":1793003567847,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.188536.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000}}],"reference-count":68,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014538","name":"Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.4314\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025andNo.352\/UN40\/HK.00.10\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.4314\/B3\/DT.03.08\/2025andNo.352\/UN40\/HK.00.10\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>Background Global education trends show the rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as one of the leading technologies worldwide, a shift increasingly reflected in Indonesian education. This study aims to provide a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by mapping the research landscape, its representation in practice and policy, its impact on learning quality, and the barriers to AI integration in Indonesian education. Method Using the PRISMA protocol, 34 peer-reviewed articles indexed in the Scopus and Google Schoolar databases (2020\u20132026) were systematically selected and thematically analyzed across four main themes. Results The findings indicate a rapid increase in publication productivity, particularly following the worldwide expansion of generative AI technologies after 2022. However, this growth remains unevenly distributed, concentrated in higher education institutions and urban centers on the island of Java, with a marked absence in primary and secondary education levels and in regions outside Java. The majority of AI-driven implementations consist of generative chatbots, adaptive learning platforms, and intelligent tutoring systems, alongside emerging applications such as learning analytics and AI-powered instructional media. Several studies included in this review reported that AI has contributed to measurable improvements in student outcomes including learning achievement, motivation, engagement, and teaching efficiency with studies reporting relative performance gains of 20\u201335% in well-implemented AI environments. Nonetheless, its adoption also poses significant risks, including a decline in students\u2019 critical thinking skills, threats to academic integrity, and the absence of comprehensive data privacy policies and ethical standards governing AI use in education. Conclusion These findings underscore the urgent need for a responsible AI implementation framework in Indonesia one that incorporates standardized AI literacy competencies for teachers, locally contextualized ethical policies, and a functional national roadmap for AI-enabled educational transformation.<\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.188536.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:54:06Z","timestamp":1791456846000},"page":"1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AI Integration in Indonesian Education: Trends, Outcomes, and Challenges - A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aulia","family":"Riski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Administration Bandung West Java 140154 Universitas 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\n<i>Posted: 21 Oct 2026<\/i>; We sincerely thank the reviewer for the constructive and valuable feedback. We have carefully revised the manuscript in accordance with the suggestions, particularly by clarifying the research contribution, improving the consistency of the methodology, verifying the numerical findings across tables and figures, and refining the interpretation of the results and policy recommendations to ensure they remain aligned with the available evidence. We would also like to note that several concerns raised in Points 2 and 3 overlap with comments previously provided by Reviewers 1 and 2, which we have already addressed in the previous revision. Nevertheless, we have re-examined these aspects to ensure consistency, accuracy, and completeness throughout the manuscript. We believe that these revisions have improved the transparency, reproducibility, and scientific rigor of the review. We appreciate the reviewer\u2019s thoughtful recommendations, which have helped us further strengthen the quality and clarity of our manuscript.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/15-1369\/v2#referee-comment-17465","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-17465","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This research is funded by the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) on behalf of the Indonesian Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology and managed under the EQUITY Program (Contract No. 4314\/B3\/ DT.03.08\/2025 and No. 352\/ UN40\/HK.00.10\/2025). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}