{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:32:44Z","timestamp":1793730764429,"version":"4.6.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19370.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000}}],"reference-count":32,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Background:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    Vancomycin is an antibiotic of growing importance in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections; with a particular emphasis on its value in the fight against Methicillin-resistant\n                    <ns3:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/ns3:italic>\n                    . Increasing reports of Vancomycin resistance have raised concerns about the effectiveness of this drug. Drug utilization evaluation has an important role in controlling rational use of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Methods:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    We conducted a retrospective 6-months study at Jafar Ibn Auf pediatric hospital. Data including patient's demographics, diagnosis, Dosage regimen, and treatment duration were reviewed. The concordance of practice with the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) guidelines and principles of antibiotic therapy was assessed.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Results:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    127 medical records were reviewed in this study. Sepsis (29%) and Pneumonia (19.6%) were the most common indications. Culture test was requested in 20.5% of patients. Monitoring of serum creatinine was carried in 81.1% of patients. Based on HICPAC guidelines vancomycin was administered appropriately in 67.7% percent of cases. Considering the infusion rate, most of patients with specific order were received vancomycin in 1 hour.\n                  <\/ns3:p>\n                  <ns3:p>\n                    <ns3:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns3:bold>\n                    The results showed that vancomycin was used empirically without subsequent adjustment of the antimicrobial agent according to culture and sensitivity data and lack of paying enough attention to the infusion rate and serum creatinine monitoring.\n                  <\/ns3:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19370.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T10:55:07Z","timestamp":1636714507000},"page":"1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Drug Utilization Evaluation of Vancomycin among Patients in Jafar Ibn Auf Pediatric Hospital, 2018"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tagwa A. M.","family":"Salih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7832-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashir A.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A. M.","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid S.","family":"Eltom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Guidelines for Antimicrobial Usage","author":"S Rehm","year":"2012\u20132013"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901-1907","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/48.9.1901","article-title":"Quality assurance to quality improvement: measuring and monitoring pharmaceutical care.","volume":"48","author":"D Angaran","year":"1991","journal-title":"AM J Hosp Pharm."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807-1809","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/44.8.1807","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of vancomycin use in a university hospital.","volume":"44","author":"J Nightingale","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129-1138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198610303151805","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery.","volume":"315","author":"A Kaiser","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-5","first-page":"377-400","article-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Mandell","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4069-4079","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00341-09","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"53","author":"S Svetitsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18-55","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children.","volume":"52","author":"C Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389-391","DOI":"10.1086\/499367","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003.","volume":"42","author":"R Klevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref-9","article-title":"Center of Disease Control and Prevention guideline for Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States 2013"},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention for management of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings 2007"},{"key":"ref-11","first-page":"1-13","article-title":"Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).","volume":"44","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"key":"ref-12","article-title":"Drug utilization evaluation of vancomycin among patients in Jafar Ibn Auf Pediatric Hospital: a retrospective chart review","author":"T Yousef B; Salih","year":"2019","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-13","first-page":"1728-33","article-title":"Drug Utilization Evaluation of Vancomycin in Teaching Hospitals of Lahore.","volume":"4","author":"W Tarar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117-121","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v12i1.19","article-title":"Utilization Pattern of Vancomycin in a University Teaching Hospital in Oman: Comparison with International Guidelines.","volume":"12","author":"M Al Za\u2019abi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop J Pharm Res."},{"key":"ref-15","first-page":"163-170","article-title":"Vancomycin utilization evaluation at hematology-oncology ward of a teaching hospital in iran.","volume":"11","author":"A Vazin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167-9","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/58.22.2167","article-title":"Vancomycin utilization at a teaching hospital in Hong Kong.","volume":"58","author":"J You","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598-602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500050076029","article-title":"The epidemiology of intravenous vancomycin usage in a university hospital. A 10-year study.","volume":"269","author":"J Ena","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"ref-18","first-page":"55-59","article-title":"Drug Utilization Evaluation of Vancomycin in a Referral Infectious Center in Mazandaran Province.","volume":"2","author":"E Salehifar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Care."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2009.10.019","article-title":"Evaluation of glycopeptide use in nine French hospitals.","volume":"40","author":"S Alfandari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53-6","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702007000100014","article-title":"Vancomycin use in a hospital with high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: comparison with Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committe Guidelines (HICPAC).","volume":"11","author":"D Melo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz J Infect 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adolescents.","volume":"2011","author":"L Broome","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr."},{"key":"ref-32","first-page":"9-14","article-title":"Drug Utilization Evaluation of Vancomycin in Pediatric Department.","volume":"6","author":"F Dehghan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Novel Biomed."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T10:55:14Z","timestamp":1636714514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.19370.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.79346.r100127","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.79346.r100128","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.21233.r59899, Ghulam Jilany Khan, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, 15 Apr 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v1#referee-response-59899","order":0,"name":"referee-response-59899","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Bashir Yousef<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 09 Nov 2021<\/i>; \n<b>1- The authors have reported that the therapy was given to a pneumonia patient for 40 days and alternatively it was recommended for another patient for one day only, here I would suggest the authors to update the record for this duration of one day as well and whether it was discontinued for some medical reason OR due to treatment success OR due to something else. As per my understanding Vancomycin therapy should not be given for that much limited duration. <\/b> \n<b>Reply: <\/b>The authors would like to thank the reviewer for this important comment. This patient was suffered from many diseases that made him stay for 40 days in the hospital. \n<b>As a response: <\/b>We have added the explanation in the discussion section  Considering the duration of vancomycin therapy, the maximum duration (40 days) was prescribed in one patient suffering from pneumonia due to he suffered from other diseases.   \n<b>2- The authors have reported that in most of the cases vancomycin therapy was given as an imperial treatment, and culture sensitivity testing rate is very low, The authors should explain (in discussion) why they have this much low rate of&nbsp; culture sensitivity testing?<\/b> \n<b>Reply:<\/b> The authors appreciate this important suggestion and we agree about the importance of explanations of the low rate of culture. The main reason for this is high cost of the culture, and many patients couldn\u2019t afford to do it. \n<b>As a response: <\/b>we added the explanation in the discussion part  The main reason for the low rate of requesting culture is that most patients had no health insurance to cover the cost of culture.&nbsp;   \n<b>3- I highly recommend the acceptance of this manuscript for publication as it will provide the basis for antimicrobial regimen design against certain diseases<\/b> \n<b>Reply:<\/b> We appreciate your words about the importance of this study.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2#referee-comment-7411","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-7411","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.21233.r98730, Khalid O. Alfarouk, Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology, and Tumor Metabolism, Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan, 09 Nov 2021, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v1#referee-response-98730","order":2,"name":"referee-response-98730","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Bashir Yousef<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 09 Nov 2021<\/i>; \n<b>1- Was the study reported according to the STROBE statement for writing a cross-sectional study?&nbsp;<\/b> \n<b>Reply: <\/b>Authors appreciate the reviewer for this valuable comment. We want to inform you that\n<b> <\/b>the study was conducted according to the STROBE statement.  \n<b>2- Regarding the exclusion criteria for the participants. Are there any other exclusion criteria in addition to who received vancomycin orally and\/or patients with incomplete data?<\/b> \n<b>Reply: <\/b>The authors would like to thanks the reviewer for this important question about the exclusion criteria for the participants. As we mentioned in this study, the only exclusion criteria were patients who received vancomycin orally and\/or patients with incomplete data.\n<b> <\/b>  \n<b>3- The authors should represent both the number and frequency % for each variable in the tables for the table.<\/b> \n<b>Reply:<\/b> We thanks the reviewer for this suggestion that further simplify the tables. \n<b>As a response:<\/b>&nbsp;All Tables in the manuscript were modified by adding the number of the participants and frequency % for each response or answer.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/8-1708\/v2#referee-comment-7412","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-7412","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}