{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:09:21Z","timestamp":1772168961969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366329600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Purpose:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    The development of novel biomarkers is an unmet need in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Arterial blood comes directly from the lung and venous blood drains capillary beds of the organ or tissue supplied. We hypothesized that there would be a difference in levels of the biomarkers metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in arterial compared with venous blood.\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    Radial artery and brachial vein blood samples were taken simultaneously in each of 12 patients with COPD and seven controls with normal lung function. Circulating immunoreactive MMP-9, VEGF-A and IL-6 levels in serum were measured using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were compared using a Student\u2019s paired t test. The study was powered to determine whether significant differences in cytokine levels were present between paired arterial and venous blood samples.\u00a0\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    In the 12 patients with COPD, four were female, and age ranged 53-85 years, mean age 69 years. Three patients in the control group were female, with age range 46-84 years, mean age 64.7 years. In the COPD group, three patients had mild, five moderate and four severe COPD. No significant difference was found between arterial and venous levels of MMP-9, VEGF-A or IL-6.\u00a0\n                  <\/ns4:p>\n                  <ns4:p>\n                    <ns4:bold>Conclusions:<\/ns4:bold>\n                    In this pilot study, levels of the measured biomarkers in arterial compared with venous blood in both COPD patients and healthy controls did not differ. This suggests that as we continue to chase the elusive biomarker in COPD as a potential tool to measure disease activity, we should focus on venous blood for this purpose.\n                  <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.2-114.v1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T09:54:19Z","timestamp":1366365259000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of arterial and venous blood biomarker levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Emer","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline A","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amadeus","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Knowlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartolome R","family":"Celli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Pinto-Plata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498-1504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07492-2","article-title":"Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990\u20132020: Global Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"349","author":"C Murray","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741-750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61377-4","article-title":"International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study.","volume":"370","author":"A Buist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-3","article-title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775-789","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063070","article-title":"Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"356","author":"P Calverley","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948-955","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0876OC","article-title":"Mortality in the 4-year trial of tiotropium (UPLIFT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"180","author":"B Celli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497-1505","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520190043033","article-title":"Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. 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status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.357.r911, Rob Stockley, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK, 25 Apr 2013, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-114\/v1#referee-response-911","order":0,"name":"referee-response-911","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Emer Kelly<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 04 Sep 2013<\/i>; Thank you for taking the time to review our work. We acknowledge the limitations of this work and agree that there would be advantages to taking pulmonary arterial samples to give more physiological data. We share your concerns that the peripheral arterial sample may better reflect the occurrences in the distal capillary bed and we have raised these issues in the discussion. We were endeavouring to investigate the site of biomarker testing that could be used in real-life clinical scenarios and therefore chose radial arterial sampling. Serum was the tested sample in this study. Future work could give answers for these remaining physiological questions.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-114\/v1#referee-comment-545","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-545","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.357.r935, Ravi Kalhan, Asthma-COPD Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 08 May 2013, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-114\/v1#referee-response-935","order":2,"name":"referee-response-935","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Emer Kelly<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 04 Sep 2013<\/i>; Thank you for your comments.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-114\/v1#referee-comment-544","order":3,"name":"referee-comment-544","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.357.r988, Hajime Takizawa, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki City, Japan, 07 Jun 2013, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-114\/v1#referee-response-988","order":4,"name":"referee-response-988","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Emer Kelly<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 04 Sep 2013<\/i>; Thank you for your comments.","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-114\/v1#referee-comment-543","order":5,"name":"referee-comment-543","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":6,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}