{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:08:36Z","timestamp":1793311716254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":2,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385942400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>We present a case of Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis mimicking as a renal cell carcinoma. This was an elderly lady who presented with pyonephrosis due to urolithiasis. On evaluation she was found to have a space occupying mass in the right kidney. Further investigations revealed an enhancing tumor with renal vein thrombus and paracaval lymphadenopathy. Subsequent histopathology showed evidence of XGPN with no malignancy. This case report highlights the fact there are a number of imaging and clinical overlaps in the diagnosis, assessment and management of this entity.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.2-263.v1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T06:56:35Z","timestamp":1385967395000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) mimicking a \u201crenal cell carcinoma with renal vein thrombus and paracaval lymphadenopathy\u201d"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Arvind","family":"Ganpule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Jagtap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanika","family":"Ganpule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bhattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailesh","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Sabnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74-6","DOI":"10.1080\/003655902317259418","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis--the \"great imitator\" justifies its name.","volume":"36","author":"I Zorzos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466-71","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(78)90158-9","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis masquerading as occult malignancy.","volume":"11","author":"W Gerber","year":"1978","journal-title":"Urology."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T08:21:26Z","timestamp":1543825286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"references-count":2,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.2-263.v1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r3093","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r6021","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r3601","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r6021","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r3093","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r3601","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r3093, M Hammad Ather, Section of Urology, Aga khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, 15 Jan 2014, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1#referee-response-3093","order":0,"name":"referee-response-3093","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"<b>Jitendra Jagtap<\/b>; \n<i>Posted: 20 Jan 2014<\/i>; Thank you for your review Dr. M H Ather. Please find below the response to the comments:On nephroscopy during PCNL there were no suspicious lesions noted within the pelvicalyceal system so the surgeon did not take any biopsies. Absence of suspicious findings was double checked by reviewing the intraoperative video of this patient.&nbsp;Urine examination did not reveal the presence of any xanthoma cells.&nbsp;No, the lady was neither diabetic or immunocompromised.&nbsp;Biopsy was not considered, as it would not have altered the further management as the mass had features suggestive of malignancy on radiology namely: significant enhancement from 33 to 118 Hounsfield units, presence of renal vein thrombus, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes obviating the possibility of a nephron sparing procedure. The current roles of renal biopsy as outlined in various guidelines include: confirmation of diagnosis of radiologically indeterminate renal masses; obtaining histology of incidentally detected renal masses in patients who are candidates for nonsurgical treatment (active surveillance, ablative therapies); and selection of the most appropriate targeted therapy for metastatic renal tumours depending upon the histology (Ljungberg B \n<i>et al.<\/i>, 2013; Novick A \n<i>et al<\/i>., 2010; Herts BR &amp; Baker ME, 1995; Campbell SC \n<i>et al<\/i>., 1997; Volpe A \n<i>et al<\/i>., 2007). Also XGPN has been found to be associated with renal cell carcinoma, papillary transitional cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and hence nephrectomy should be performed when malignancy cannot be excluded (Tolia BM \n<i>et al<\/i>., 1981; Schoborg TW \n<i>et al<\/i>., 1980).","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1#referee-comment-672","order":1,"name":"referee-comment-672","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r3601, Stefanos Kachrilas, Urology Department, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK, 25 Feb 2014, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1#referee-response-3601","order":2,"name":"referee-response-3601","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.3019.r6021, Daron Smith, Institute of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK, 04 Sep 2014, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/2-263\/v1#referee-response-6021","order":3,"name":"referee-response-6021","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":4,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero \"No rights reserved\" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}