{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:09:53Z","timestamp":1772168993891,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]],"date-time":"2013-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>We report a case of simultaneous progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) during corticosteroid tapering in a patient with an anti-synthetase syndrome. We describe the challenges associated with the diagnosis and the management of this emerging inflammatory neurological condition in this immunocompromised patient with a severe rheumatic disease. We highlight that, in the setting of IRIS, the low-level of the JC virus viral load requires a sensitive PCR assay before excluding PML.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.2-283.v1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]],"date-time":"2013-12-23T10:25:52Z","timestamp":1387794352000},"page":"283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A case report of simultaneous PML-IRIS during corticosteroids tapering in a patient with an anti-synthetase syndrome"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Martin-Blondel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Uro-Coste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Adoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Lassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Clanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425-37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","article-title":"Progressive 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progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.","volume":"123","author":"I Metz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964-970","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a43e6d","article-title":"In situ evidence of JC virus control by CD8+ T cells in PML-IRIS during HIV infection.","volume":"81","author":"G Martin-Blondel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687-702","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr206","article-title":"Central role of JC virus-specific CD4+ lymphocytes in progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"134","author":"L Aly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.07.003","article-title":"Immune reconstitution is not a prognostic factor in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.","volume":"238","author":"D Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258-64","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182768983","article-title":"Impairment of JCV-specific T-cell response by corticotherapy: effect on PML-IRIS management?.","volume":"79","author":"C Antoniol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217-23","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328346d47d","article-title":"Managing the risks of immunosuppression.","volume":"24","author":"D Riminton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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