{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:08:23Z","timestamp":1772168903523,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21702.1","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000}}],"reference-count":19,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002992","name":"Department for International Development, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005850","name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008196","name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/ns4:bold>\n Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community\u2019s (especially parents\/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar.\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Methods:<\/ns4:bold>\n We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents\/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design.\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Results:<\/ns4:bold>\n Of 600 parents\/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE\n ,<\/ns4:bold>\n 55% perceived JE as serious in \u00a0children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective\n .<\/ns4:bold>\n Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831\/855).\n <\/ns4:p>\n \n Conclusion:<\/ns4:bold>\n In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.\n <\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21702.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T11:20:06Z","timestamp":1593516006000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High vaccination coverage, inadequate knowledge and high vector density: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-1447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pyae Phyo","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8242-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemant Deepak","family":"Shewade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nang Thu Thu","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaing","family":"Hnin Phyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Htar Htar","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aye Mon Mon","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mg Mg","family":"Mya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sein","family":"Thaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan Naung","family":"Maung Maung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis, Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, estimate of the global disease burden","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766-74","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.085233","article-title":"Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review.","volume":"89","author":"G Campbell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref-3","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis\/live attenuated vaccine","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref-4","article-title":"The sixth Bi-regional meeting on Prevention and control of japanese encephalitis.","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref-5","article-title":"Monthly Epidemiology Bulletin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref-6","article-title":"Annual VBDC report.","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135767","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis in Assam, India: Need to Increase Healthcare Workers' Understanding to Improve Health Care.","volume":"10","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-18","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1285472","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Immunogenicity, protective efficacy, effectiveness, and impact on the burden of disease.","volume":"13","author":"N Hegde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother."},{"key":"ref-9","article-title":"Awareness, Perception and Vaccination of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine among Care Givers in Hsipaw Township, Northern Shan State","author":"T Thinn","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref-10","article-title":"The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref-11","article-title":"Annex 1.","author":"H Shewade","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-12","article-title":"Annex 3.","author":"H Shewade","year":"2019","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-13","article-title":"Annex 2.","author":"H Shewade","journal-title":"figshare."},{"key":"ref-14","first-page":"845-851","article-title":"Perception of Prevention of Japanese Encephalitis with Emphasis on Its Vaccination Programme: A Community Based Study In a Slum of Kolkata.","volume":"7","author":"D Aparajita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Public Heal Res."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4654-4","article-title":"Perceptions, practices and health seeking behaviour constrain JE\/AES interventions in high endemic district of North India.","volume":"17","author":"S Chaturvedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-4","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/509697","article-title":"Response of Various Stakeholders towards Newly Introduced Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in a North Indian State.","author":"D Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vaccines."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-92","article-title":"Transcriptomic profile of host response in Japanese encephalitis virus infection.","volume":"8","author":"N Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"ref-18","first-page":"37-39","article-title":"Vector bionomics of Culex species responsible for Japanese Encephalitis transmission in 4 villages of Letpadan Township Bago region, Myanmar.","volume":"48","author":"M Mya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Myanmar Heal Res J."},{"key":"ref-19","article-title":"AFP surveillance Indicators by State and Region, Fever with Rash Surveillance","year":"2019"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21702.3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000}}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T11:15:10Z","timestamp":1599477310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.21702.2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.27677.r66014","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.27677.r66013","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.27677.r66014","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.27677.r66013","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Approved, Approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.27677.r66014, Jing An, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 01 Jul 2020, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2#referee-response-66014","order":0,"name":"referee-response-66014","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.27677.r66013, Babasaheb V. Tandale, Pravin Deshmukh, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 03 Aug 2020, version 2, 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2#referee-response-66013","order":1,"name":"referee-response-66013","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"Pyae Phyo Kyaw<\/b>; \nPosted: 03 Sep 2020<\/i>; Comment 1. As this study was aimed at estimation of awareness level and vaccination coverage level, the power of the study may not be adequate to consider the additional analyses using multiple logistic regressions and reporting of odds ratios. Therefore, authors may consider the power calculation retrospectively and report the same if appropriate based on power calculation. Response: Thank you for this comment. In the initial draft that was submitted, we did not perform regression analysis. We conducted an association between socio-demographic characteristics of parents\/guardians with their knowledge level, and an association between knowledge level of parents\/guardians with vaccination status of the children as a secondary analysis after a suggestion by one of the reviewers. We did not conduct post hoc or retrospective power analysis because power calculation after the data collection and effect size being observed do not usually provide true power for detecting statistical significance, and confidence intervals are more informative retrospective power calculations. Retrospective power calculation may inform for sample size calculation of future study but has little value for the current study. In addition, the practical significance by presenting effect size and 95% confidence interval are more informative than emphasizing on p-value and statistically significant. Hope you can agree with our stance on this. Comment 2. The revised version also retained aim to describe awareness and coverage only. Authors may either change aim if the study has enough power to undertake associations and comparisons for identifying associated variables and risk factors by using multivariate analysis. Otherwise, the analytical component may be dropped from the results, if not appropriate and not enough power. Response: Thanks for your comment. The primary aim of the study is still to describe the awareness and vaccination coverage as there is no study report this in region. We also decided to keep the regression analysis as a secondary analysis. I added objective three. (line no: 44-47) Comment 3. In Table 3 and 4, it would be important to provide the actual numbers along with percentages so as to verify the findings by the readers. Response: Thank you for this comment. As the OR and adjusted OR are outputs of weighted analysis, if we provide the number percentage (unweighted), it may not match with the weighted OR and adjusted OR. Hence we have avoided this. We hope this is fine. It is impossible to provide actual numbers along with percentages for the logistic analysis. Comment 4. First chi square (\u03c72) association may be reported for table 3 and 4, if significant, then odds ratios may be indicated if the study power is adequate for the same. Response: Thanks for this comment. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression to estimate the association between parent characteristics and good knowledge. We did not perform chi-square test to avoid multiple testing issue. The crude \/ unadjusted logistic regression p value is similar to the chi-square p value. If crude \/ unadjusted p value <0.2, the variable was included in the logistic regression model. This way our model is parsimonious. Comment 5. High and low education has neither been defined in methods nor in foot note in table 3. It is also not clearly categorized in supplemental file associated with the manuscript. Response: Thanks for your comment about education level. High level education contains graduate and high school. Low level education contains middle school, primary school, can read and write and illiterate. It is stated in foot note of table 3. (line no:227-228)","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-6\/v2#referee-comment-5888","order":2,"name":"referee-comment-5888","label":"Referee Comment","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"This research was conducted through the Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT), a global partnership led by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases at the World Health Organization (WHO\/TDR). The model is based on a course developed jointly by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF\/Doctors Without Borders). The specific SORT IT programme which resulted in this publication was jointly organized and implemented by The Centre for Operational Research, The Union, Paris, France; Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon; Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw; The Union Country Office, Mandalay, Myanmar; The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.\nThe training programme, within which this paper was developed, was funded by the Department for International Development (DFID), London, UK. We received funding support (USD $1200) for data collection from the Department of Medical Research under Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution IGO Licence.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}