{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:07:22Z","timestamp":1788480442819,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"uropean Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Grant agreement no. 813839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Grant agreement no. 813839"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are among of the most studied cell type for cellular therapy thanks to the ease of isolation, cultivation, and the high<ns4:italic>ex vivo<\/ns4:italic>expansion potential. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency finally granted the first marketing authorization for an MSC product. Despite the numerous promising results in preclinical studies, translation into routine practice still lags behind: therapeutic benefits of MSCs are not as satisfactory in clinical trial settings as they appear to be in preclinical models. The bench-to-bedside-and-back approach and careful evaluation of discrepancies between preclinical and clinical results have provided valuable insights into critical components of MSC manufacturing, their mechanisms of action, and how to evaluate and quality-control them. We sum up these past developments in the introductory section (\u201cMesenchymal stromal cells: name follows function\u201d). From the huge amount of information, we then selected a few examples to illustrate challenges and opportunities to improve MSCs for clinical purposes. These include tissue origin of MSCs, MSC culture conditions, immune compatibility, and route of application and dosing. Finally, we add some information on MSC mechanisms of action and translation into potency assays and give an outlook on future perspectives raising the question of whether the future clinical product may be cell-based or cell-derived.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21862.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T12:15:25Z","timestamp":1582805725000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Recent advances in understanding mesenchymal stromal cells"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Rendra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Scaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2621-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Bieback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281-90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31203-X","article-title":"Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601) for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease: A phase 3 randomised, double-blind controlled trial.","volume":"388","author":"J Pan\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02968135","article-title":"Ueber Entz\u00fcndung und Eiterung.","volume":"40","author":"J Cohnheim","year":"1867","journal-title":"Archiv f pathol Anat."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331-40","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197404000-00001","article-title":"Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. 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