{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:24:38Z","timestamp":1782739478750,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas involving primarily the skin and mycosis fungoides is its most frequent entity. Whereas most patients show an indolent course in early disease (clinical stages IA to IIA), some patients progress to advanced disease (stage IIB or higher), and the 5-year survival rate is unfavorable: only 47% (stage IIB) to 18% (stage IVB). Except for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, there is currently no cure for CTCL and thus treatment approaches are palliative, focusing on patients\u2019 health-related quality of life. Our aims were to review the current understanding of the pathogenesis of CTCL, such as the shift in overall immune skewing with progressive disease and the challenges of making a timely diagnosis in early-stage disease because of the lack of reliable positive markers for routine diagnostics, and to discuss established and potential treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and novel targeted therapeutics.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21922.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T10:30:09Z","timestamp":1588674609000},"page":"331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Recent advances in understanding and managing cutaneous T-cell lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanze","family":"Jonak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7380-7062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Knobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014-30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.025","article-title":"EORTC consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome.","volume":"42","author":"F Trautinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57-74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.027","article-title":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome - Update 2017.","volume":"77","author":"F Trautinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703-14","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-881268","article-title":"The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas.","volume":"133","author":"R Willemze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890350051009","article-title":"Clinical stage IA (limited patch and plaque) mycosis fungoides. A long-term outcome analysis.","volume":"132","author":"Y Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240-5","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2819","article-title":"Patients' Illness Perception as a Tool to Improve Individual Disease Management in Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas.","volume":"98","author":"S Porkert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770-9","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18089","article-title":"Characteristics associated with significantly worse quality of life in mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome from the Prospective Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (PROCLIPI) study.","volume":"182","author":"K Molloy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350-7","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17258","article-title":"The PROCLIPI international registry of early-stage mycosis fungoides identifies substantial diagnostic delay in most patients.","volume":"181","author":"J Scarisbrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768-85","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3502","article-title":"WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas.","volume":"105","author":"R Willemze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3082-7","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-154609","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients with advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and large cell transformation.","volume":"112","author":"S Arulogun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4730-9","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.7665","article-title":"Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome: Validation of the revised International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas\/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer staging proposal.","volume":"28","author":"N Agar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085-102","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24876","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.","volume":"92","author":"R Wilcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1306618","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1306618","article-title":"Gene expression analysis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) highlights disease heterogeneity and potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators.","volume":"6","author":"I Litvinov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology."},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-016-0410-8","article-title":"Genetics of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: From Bench to Bedside.","volume":"17","author":"W Damsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol."},{"key":"ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949-56","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01794.x","article-title":"Infrequent Fas Mutations but No Bax or p53 Mutations in Early Mycosis Fungoides: A Possible Mechanism for the Accumulation of Malignant T Lymphocytes in the Skin.","volume":"118","author":"O Dereure","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426-34","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3444","article-title":"Genomic profiling of S\u00e9zary syndrome identifies alterations of key T cell signaling and differentiation genes.","volume":"47","author":"L Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056-60","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3370","article-title":"Genomic analysis of mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome identifies recurrent alterations in TNFR2.","volume":"47","author":"A Ungewickell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128-37","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.487","article-title":"MicroRNA Expression Profiling and DNA Methylation Signature for Deregulated MicroRNA in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.","volume":"135","author":"J Sandoval","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508-19","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-611194","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing reveals oncogenic mutations in mycosis fungoides.","volume":"126","author":"L McGirt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465-70","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3442","article-title":"The mutational landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and S\u00e9zary syndrome.","volume":"47","author":"A da Silva Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68-73","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1473550","article-title":"Epigenetic therapy and dermatologic disease: Moving beyond CTCL.","volume":"30","author":"J Mervis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat."},{"key":"ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767-71","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-251926","article-title":"Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides arise from distinct T-cell subsets: A biologic rationale for their distinct clinical behaviors.","volume":"116","author":"J Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117ra7","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003008","article-title":"Skin Effector Memory T Cells Do Not Recirculate and Provide Immune Protection in Alemtuzumab-Treated CTCL Patients.","volume":"4","author":"R Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331-8","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.27","article-title":"Malignant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells express IL-17 utilizing the Jak3\/Stat3 signaling pathway.","volume":"131","author":"T Krejsgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640-7","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-06-2181","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Malignant proliferation of T-regulatory cells.","volume":"105","author":"C Berger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798-805","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-590398","article-title":"Interleukin-13 is overexpressed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells and regulates their proliferation.","volume":"125","author":"L Geskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00198","article-title":"New Therapies and Immunological Findings in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.","volume":"8","author":"K Fujii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512-8","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404913","article-title":"FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: Association with disease stage and survival.","volume":"21","author":"L Gjerdrum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486-99","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3862","article-title":"Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion.","volume":"15","author":"E Wherry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669-73","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12398454","article-title":"Th2 cytokine mRNA expression in skin in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"103","author":"B Vowels","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124233","article-title":"Benign T cells drive clinical skin inflammation in cutaneous T cell lymphoma.","volume":"4","author":"P Vieyra-Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"key":"ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3755-63","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3488","article-title":"TH2 cytokines from malignant cells suppress TH1 responses and enforce a global TH2 bias in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"19","author":"E Guenova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128-42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05674.x","article-title":"Interaction of cutaneous lymphoma cells with reactive T cells and dendritic cells: Implications for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.","volume":"149","author":"P Thumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5051-60","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0604","article-title":"Long-term Outcomes of 1,263 Patients with Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome from 1982 to 2009.","volume":"18","author":"R Talpur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105-12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08612.x","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients with mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome.","volume":"159","author":"R Talpur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1641387","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1641387","article-title":"Staphylococcal alpha-toxin tilts the balance between malignant and non-malignant CD4+ T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"8","author":"E Bl\u00fcmel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology."},{"key":"ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244-7","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.52","article-title":"Phase II Clinical Trial of Intratumoral Application of TG1042 (Adenovirus-interferon-\u03b3) in Patients With Advanced Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas and Multilesional Cutaneous B-cell Lymphomas.","volume":"18","author":"R Dummer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"key":"ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304-11","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.128","article-title":"Eotaxins and CCR3 interaction regulates the Th2 environment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"130","author":"T Miyagaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245-52","DOI":"10.1038\/32588","article-title":"Dendritic cells and the control of immunity.","volume":"392","author":"J Banchereau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171-9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04994.x","article-title":"Dendritic cells and apoptosis in mycosis fungoides.","volume":"147","author":"M L\u00fcftl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995-1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.082","article-title":"High numbers of DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in lesional skin of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"62","author":"C Schlapbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042-54","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-415638","article-title":"Mast cells play a protumorigenic role in primary cutaneous lymphoma.","volume":"120","author":"A Rabenhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575-82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2107-1","article-title":"Langerhans, plasmacytoid dendritic and myeloid-derived suppressor cell levels in mycosis fungoides vary according to the stage of the disease.","volume":"470","author":"A Pileri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00147","article-title":"The Role of Macrophage\/B-Cell Interactions in the Pathophysiology of B-Cell Lymphomas.","volume":"8","author":"L Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107-12","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12873","article-title":"The possible interaction between periostin expressed by cancer stroma and tumor-associated macrophages in developing mycosis fungoides.","volume":"25","author":"S Furudate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814-22","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.206","article-title":"Depletion of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages delays cutaneous T-cell lymphoma development in vivo.","volume":"134","author":"X Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45-51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2012.07.007","article-title":"Association of the numbers of CD163+ cells in lesional skin and serum levels of soluble CD163 with disease progression of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.","volume":"68","author":"M Sugaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5891-900","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-358382","article-title":"Diagnostic microRNA profiling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).","volume":"118","author":"U Ralfkiaer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483-91","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31820595da","article-title":"Flow cytometric evaluation of skin biopsies for mycosis fungoides.","volume":"33","author":"C Jokinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565-73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06649.x","article-title":"T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement by multiplex polymerase chain reaction\/heteroduplex analysis in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome) and benign inflammatory disease: Correlation with clinical, histological and immunophenotypical findings.","volume":"153","author":"R Ponti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814-20","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2018-205004","article-title":"Role of high-throughput sequencing in the diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"71","author":"B Rea","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698-706","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.13","article-title":"Molecular markers of early-stage mycosis fungoides.","volume":"132","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382-6","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14508","article-title":"TOX expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: an adjunctive diagnostic marker that is not tumour specific and not restricted to the CD4+  CD8- phenotype.","volume":"175","author":"A Schrader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213-21","DOI":"10.1159\/000112928","article-title":"Heterogeneity of circulating CD4+ memory T-cell subsets in erythrodermic patients: CD27 analysis can help to distinguish cutaneous T-cell lymphomas from inflammatory erythroderma.","volume":"216","author":"M Fierro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1467856","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1467856","article-title":"Gene expression profiling and immune cell-type deconvolution highlight robust disease progression and survival markers in multiple cohorts of CTCL patients.","volume":"7","author":"P Lefran\u00e7ois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology."},{"key":"ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaar5894","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar5894","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor \u03b2 gene identifies aggressive early-stage mycosis fungoides.","volume":"10","author":"A de Masson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794-6","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14559","article-title":"The new Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic index (CLIPi) for early mycosis fungoides failed to identify prognostic groups in a cohort of Spanish patients.","volume":"175","author":"J Sanz-Bueno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722-31","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13054","article-title":"Expression dynamics of CXCL 12 and CXCR 4 during the progression of mycosis fungoides.","volume":"171","author":"R Daggett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437-42","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2015.48034","article-title":"Expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 and their correlations to the cell proliferation and angiogenesis in mycosis fungoides.","volume":"32","author":"J Maj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol."},{"key":"ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4418-25","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2031","article-title":"Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box gene (TOX) is aberrantly over-expressed in mycosis fungoides and correlates with poor prognosis.","volume":"5","author":"Y Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188-97","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12578","article-title":"Lessons learned from gene expression profiling of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"169","author":"B Dulmage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3619-27","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-3185","article-title":"Usefulness of KIR3DL2 to Diagnose, Follow-Up, and Manage the Treatment of Patients with S\u00e9zary Syndrome.","volume":"23","author":"C Hurabielle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668-76","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13261","article-title":"The biomarker landscape in mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome.","volume":"26","author":"B Dulmage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4443-54","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0148","article-title":"Single-Cell Lymphocyte Heterogeneity in Advanced Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Skin Tumors.","volume":"25","author":"A Gaydosik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106-14","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2879","article-title":"Transcriptional profiles predict disease outcome in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"16","author":"I Litvinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015-27","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-061507","article-title":"Lesional gene expression profiling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma reveals natural clusters associated with disease outcome.","volume":"110","author":"J Shin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.09.015","article-title":"Computational deconvolution: extracting cell type-specific information from heterogeneous samples.","volume":"25","author":"S Shen-Orr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol."},{"key":"ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01553","article-title":"Single Cell RNA Sequencing of Rare Immune Cell Populations.","volume":"9","author":"A Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2996-3005","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-3309","article-title":"Single-Cell Profiling of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Reveals Underlying Heterogeneity Associated with Disease Progression.","volume":"25","author":"N Borcherding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695-700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.05.027","article-title":"Efficacy of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Adult T Cell Leukemia\/Lymphoma: Results of a Systematic Review\/Meta-Analysis.","volume":"25","author":"M Iqbal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537-44","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475419867610","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Current Landscape and Future Developments.","volume":"23","author":"A Sivanand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg."},{"key":"ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799-809","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1654995","article-title":"Investigative drugs for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL): an update.","volume":"28","author":"E Ramelyte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs."},{"key":"ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamadermatol.541","article-title":"Topical chemotherapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: positive results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial testing the efficacy and safety of a novel mechlorethamine, 0.02%, gel in mycosis fungoides.","volume":"149","author":"S Lessin","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538-47","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.5905","article-title":"Evaluation of Low-Dose, Low-Frequency Oral Psoralen-UV-A Treatment With or Without Maintenance on Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","volume":"155","author":"P Vieyra-Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.174085","article-title":"New Treatment Options for Mycosis Fungoides.","volume":"61","author":"A Shipman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452-61","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-02-630335","article-title":"Topical resiquimod can induce disease regression and enhance T-cell effector functions in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"126","author":"A Rook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.07.047","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with methyl-aminolevulinic acid for paucilesional mycosis fungoides: a prospective open study and review of the literature.","volume":"69","author":"G Qu\u00e9reux","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058-60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.915","article-title":"Excimer laser in the treatment of mycosis fungoides.","volume":"70","author":"D Deaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4267-72","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2802","article-title":"Phase 2 study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) in patients with advanced mycosis fungoides\/S\u00e9zary syndrome.","volume":"101","author":"J Lundin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192-204","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30379-6","article-title":"Mogamulizumab versus vorinostat in previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (MAVORIC): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial.","volume":"19","author":"Y Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109-15","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.2434","article-title":"Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"25","author":"E Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31-9","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-025999","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).","volume":"109","author":"M Duvic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref-82","first-page":"21-3","article-title":"Highlights in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from the 60th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting: A dermatologist's perspective.","volume":"17","author":"L Geskin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555-66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31266-7","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin or physician's choice in CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ALCANZA): an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial.","volume":"390","author":"H Prince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.21037\/cco.2018.10.01","article-title":"Valchlor maintenance therapy for patients with mycosis fungoides who received low dose total skin electron beam treatment.","volume":"8","author":"T Jennings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286-94","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3008","article-title":"A phase III study of lenalidomide maintenance after debulking therapy in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma - EORTC 21081 (NCT01098656): results and lessons learned for future trial designs.","volume":"27","author":"M Bagot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668-74","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.6270","article-title":"Durable Complete Response After Discontinuation of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma.","volume":"36","author":"C Robert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.018","article-title":"A Small Molecule CCR2 Antagonist Depletes Tumor Macrophages and Synergizes with Anti-PD-1 in a Murine Model of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL).","author":"X Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20-8","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01056","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in Relapsed and Refractory Mycosis Fungoides and S\u00e9zary Syndrome: A Multicenter Phase II Study.","volume":"38","author":"M Khodadoust","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"ref-89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947-8","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1803181","article-title":"Rapid Progression of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma after PD-1 Inhibitor Therapy.","volume":"378","author":"L Ratner","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref-90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640-6","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3171","article-title":"Health-related Quality of Life in Cutaneous Lymphomas: Past, Present and Future.","volume":"99","author":"C Jonak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."}],"container-title":["F1000Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1\/iparadigms","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T13:30:10Z","timestamp":1588858210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"references-count":90,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.21922.1","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.24172.r62929","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5256\/f1000research.24172.r62930","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2046-1402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-1402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1#article-reports","order":0,"name":"referee-status","label":"Referee status","group":{"name":"current-referee-status","label":"Current Referee Status"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.24172.r62929, Vincent Liu, Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, 05 May 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1#referee-response-62929","order":0,"name":"referee-response-62929","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"10.5256\/f1000research.24172.r62930, Samuel T Hwang, Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA, 05 May 2020, version 1, indexed","URL":"https:\/\/f1000research.com\/articles\/9-331\/v1#referee-response-62930","order":1,"name":"referee-response-62930","label":"Referee Report","group":{"name":"article-reports","label":"Article Reports"}},{"value":"The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work","order":2,"name":"grant-information","label":"Grant Information"},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","order":0,"name":"copyright-info","label":"Copyright"}]}}