{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:20:17Z","timestamp":1792099217107,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"F1000 Research Ltd","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR1301\/19-1;GR1301\/19-2;FOR2407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR1301\/19-1;GR1301\/19-2;FOR2407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["f1000research.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["F1000Res"],"abstract":"<ns4:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most debilitating diseases and is associated with a high personal and socioeconomic burden. So far, there is no therapy available that effectively arrests structural deterioration of cartilage and bone or is able to successfully reverse any of the existing structural defects. Efforts to identify more tailored treatment options led to the development of strategies that enabled the classification of patient subgroups from the pool of heterogeneous phenotypes that display distinct common characteristics. To this end, the classification differentiates the structural endotypes into cartilage and bone subtypes, which are predominantly driven by structure-related degenerative events. In addition, further classifications have highlighted individuals with an increased inflammatory contribution (inflammatory phenotype) and pain-driven phenotypes as well as senescence and metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Most probably, it will not be possible to classify individuals by a single definite subtype, but it might help to identify groups of patients with a predominant pathology that would more likely benefit from a specific drug or cell-based therapy. Current clinical trials addressed mainly regeneration\/repair of cartilage and bone defects or targeted pro-inflammatory mediators by intra-articular injections of drugs and antibodies. Pain was treated mostly by antagonizing nerve growth factor (NGF) activity and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA). Therapies targeting metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and senescence\/aging-related pathologies are not specifically addressing OA. However, none of these therapies has been proven to modify disease progression significantly or successfully prevent final joint replacement in the advanced disease stage. Within this review, we discuss the recent advances in phenotype-specific treatment options and evaluate their applicability for use in personalized OA therapy.<\/ns4:p>","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22115.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T14:35:06Z","timestamp":1588602906000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":259,"title":["Recent advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.12688","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2549-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Gr\u00e4ssel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Muschter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2560","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697-707","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: A Disease of the Joint as an Organ.","volume":"64","author":"R Loeser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16072","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.72","article-title":"Osteoarthritis.","volume":"2","author":"J Martel-Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632-44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.148","article-title":"Changes in the Osteochondral Unit During Osteoarthritis: Structure, Function and Cartilage-Bone Crosstalk.","volume":"12","author":"S Goldring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601-4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.007","article-title":"Identifying Different Osteoarthritis Phenotypes Through Epidemiology.","volume":"18","author":"D Felson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"key":"ref-5","first-page":"64-72","article-title":"Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis: Current State and Future Implications.","volume":"37 Suppl 120","author":"L Deveza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674-81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0073-x","article-title":"Modern-day Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis.","volume":"14","author":"F Berenbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1286-2","article-title":"Identification of Clinical Phenotypes in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","volume":"17","author":"A Dell'Isola","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"key":"ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815-23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.11.013","article-title":"Biomechanical Factors in Osteoarthritis.","volume":"25","author":"F Guilak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81-95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.06.001","article-title":"Commentary: Is It Useful to Subset \"Primary\" Osteoarthritis? 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